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  近年来,一些精通中文的外国青年活跃于中国社交媒体,他们用优美的文笔、生动的图片或者幽默的视频内容,分享中文学习经历、留学感受、文化体验,并且深入探讨不同文化间的碰撞交融,带来诸多有益思考。近日,记者采访了俄罗斯小伙大卫和埃及青年刘正曦,听他们讲述跨文化传播的故事。

  中文打开多扇大门

  “电视剧《甄嬛传》里,安陵容听不懂甄嬛讲‘郑伯克段于鄢’,就是因为她读的典故不够多。所以,我要做积极的倾听者、学习者,持续积累中国典故和成语,避免词不达意。”在视频连线采访中,大卫说着一口标准流利的普通话,围绕或轻松或深刻的人文话题侃侃而谈。若不是一抬头便能看见他的容貌,很容易让人忘记这是一场与外国友人的对话。

  俄罗斯小伙大卫,中文名叫罗维卫,目前是北京大学在读博士,曾获得2014年“汉语桥”全球外国人汉语大会比赛总冠军,担任过《世界青年说》节目常驻嘉宾、北京市旅游形象大使。自2011年起,他已在中国学习超过10年,先后攻读汉语言文学本科、比较文学硕士和比较政治学博士。他在微博上拥有近150万粉丝,同时运营着微信公众号、抖音、小红书等多个社交平台。

  大卫与中文结缘于对中国文字的好奇。儿时,玩具标签上写着“MadeinChina”并附有汉字标注的安全须知,当时他觉得复杂的汉字神秘有趣。

  在北京语言大学和中国同学一起学习《古代汉语》时,大卫被文言文和繁体字“难到怀疑人生,只能把一篇篇3分钟长的课文录音反复听40多遍”。

  但到了《现当代文学》,大卫发现很多19世纪末、20世纪初的中国作家都受到过苏俄文学的影响。在清华读硕士时,他专注于研究鲁迅通过日语转译的俄罗斯文学作品,为此还专门去日本东京交换了1年。大卫尤其欣赏鲁迅创作的《故事新编》,用许多中国古典元素以古论今。此外,他还喜欢《聊斋志异》《三体》,最近在重读孔孟和诸子散文。

  所谓书读百遍,其义自现。大卫认为,书中的智慧既超越国界,又跨越时空引发共鸣。“我们现在可能觉得古人很陌生,但实际上,我们如今思考的一些问题,他们早已思考过。换句话说,古人提出的很多问题,我们至今仍在作答。或许不存在永恒的答案,却有着永恒的问题。”

  大卫在中国结识的国际好友当中,有位毕业于中国传媒大学播音主持专业、供职于中国外文出版发行事业局的外籍专家——埃及小伙刘正曦。两人都曾担任“汉语桥”出题官,互相打趣时,大卫调侃他是“老干部”,刘正曦则称大卫“大哥”。

  普通话已经达到二级甲等的刘正曦,仍在继续攻克多音字和易读错的字,不断精进主持专业能力。此外,他对成语也充满兴趣。去年,他在埃及参与发起并组织了“‘学成语,识中华’第一届成语大汇—外国人讲中国成语故事”比赛,吸引了来自约20所高校的265名中文学习者参与。

  这样的成绩背后,是埃及深厚的汉语教学传统和蓬勃发展态势:1958年设立汉语专业,是中东及非洲最早开展汉语教学的国家;现有4所孔子学院、2所孔子课堂和2所鲁班工坊;2020年将汉语纳入中小学教育大纲,并已开展两批公立中学中文教育试点。

  “学中文在埃及真的太火了,竞争也越来越激烈。其他国家学生通过HSK(汉语水平考试)4级就能申请奖学金,但在埃及至少要达到5级才行。”刘正曦说。他在Facebook上开设个人账号“歪果仁学播音”,经常分享练声技巧、口部操等内容,连他曾经的中文系老师也关注学习。

  刘正曦引用鲁迅的话形容汉语的魅力:音美以感耳,形美以感目,意美以感心。他深刻认识到,语言是了解一个国家最好的钥匙,它不能带来一切,但是可以打开多扇大门。

  从一句“我懂你”开始

  喝热水、吃包子、喝豆汁就是懂中国了吗?在大卫看来,这些都只是浅表层面的文化模仿,“咱追求的目标并非这些,而是去感受、去体验,通过纵深了解和横向对比,深入理解中国是什么样的。”2016年《中国诗词大会》第一季中,大卫就曾说:“我不想成为浅尝辄止的‘中国通’,而要‘通中国’。”

  他欣赏东晋诗人陶渊明笔下的田园意境,喜爱“润物细无声”“花落知多少”的优美诗意,还有“不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中”的说理启悟。

  不过大卫最痴迷的还是书法艺术,他擅长俄文和日文书法,还研习过古埃及文字。在他眼中,中文书法最为博大精深:汉字数量繁多、笔画多变、字体丰富,又蕴含深厚的中式哲学底蕴,即便不懂中文的人,也很容易被其深刻的美感所吸引。

  大卫通过临帖自学楷书和行书,欧阳询、颜真卿、王羲之、赵孟頫、米芾等名家作品都是他的学习范本。从最初的满心烦躁,到慢慢开始耐心感受毛笔与宣纸之间的摩擦力,掌握各种笔画写法,做到“意在笔先”。“写得最好的字永远是下一个”,大卫说,这种追求完美的乐趣就像挂在驴子面前的胡萝卜,激励着他不断更上一层楼,并且期待解锁更多中国画技法。

  人若经常游走于不同文化之间,便容易培养出敏锐的文化嗅觉。成年后在北京生活十余年,又曾旅居日美,大卫深刻体会到:不同城市的氛围和秩序以及人们之间的交往方式各异。与其放大文化差异,不如“珍惜有多元性的环境,保持好奇心,拓展知识面”。

  在好友刘正曦眼里,中国的模样是“强”“美”“包容”:强在国家实力、国际影响力,就像他在杂志上发表的文章标题所言——《中国两会,政策“风向标”牵动全球》《中国不会因为是大国就给别人穿小鞋》;美在美景美食、生态人文,“在新疆天池,随手一拍就是Windows壁纸”“漂亮的唐装大褂和汉服,我家也有”;包容则体现在240小时过境免签政策、创业扶持措施,处处彰显开放胸怀。

  若只能选两个汉字送给世界,刘正曦会选择“和合”——在百年变局中,世界需要和平、和谐与合作;在河北玉狗梁村,他用纪录片讲述这个国家级贫困村如何通过“瑜伽脱贫”实现蝶变;他还曾将中国共享单车模式成功介绍到埃及……

  所有这些对中华文化的深度探索,最终都指向同一个目标——搭建理解的桥梁。正如微信对话页里,刘正曦发来的个人海报上的那句口号:人类命运共同体,从一句“我懂你”开始。

  以开放心态连接不同文化

  “所谓文化传播,并不意味着天天讲诗词成语。”大卫说,自己活跃在中国的社交媒体上,分享多语言学习经验、留学趣事和知识思考,首要目标是让更多人了解一种想象之外的生活方式。比如现在,大卫正在美国康奈尔大学访学,并且追寻着中国现代思想家、文学家胡适先生的足迹,去他生活过的地方,读他的手稿和日记,特别感同身受。

  大卫坚持最久的栏目,是个人微信公众号睡前语音栏目“晚安卫”。2017至2021年,他每晚发布1分钟左右的简短语音,分享见闻和心情,最后用中俄双语道一声晚安。

  不少关注了十几年的粉丝,会发私信给大卫讲自己的故事,比如受其影响开始学外语、选择感兴趣的专业,或是参加了一次跨国婚礼;俄罗斯中文学习者,也会因为大卫的分享,不再觉得学中文遥不可及。

  由于精力有限,大卫希望未来在能力范围内把重点放在小红书和Youtube上,探索更多可持续的分享形式。

  大卫坦言,坚持分享的动力源于好奇心:“我觉得博主有责任传递多元信息,让更多人快乐交流。”他主张以开放心态连接不同文化。

  相较于在不同平台进行形式尝试的大卫,刘正曦在屏幕上呈现出两副截然不同的“面孔”:

  这一面,“5G冲浪”追热点,热梗频出抖包袱,自称“木乃伊区up主”——这是网络达人@埃及法老刘正曦。

  这位网络达人以快乐情绪为基调,在中国妻子的帮助下,结合网络热梗讲解埃及文化,从不为了搞笑而搞笑。为确保专业度,他经常做大量功课,吃透权威资料后再用新颖方式呈现。有网友留言:“自从刷到过up主的视频以后,想去埃及的欲望拉满!”

  另一面,发型梳得一丝不苟,穿着西装革履,讲话字正腔圆——这是重要活动嘉宾或者官方宣传短视频主持人。接受采访当天,刘正曦刚参加完海南国际文创周活动,次日又将飞往福建。

  在公共表达中,刘正曦要求自己“做好代表埃及的一张名片,讲好真实的中国故事”。他总结出三点心得:真情实感不加滤镜、把握分寸不冒犯人、分众传播通俗易懂。他举例说,从共建“一带一路”中埃合作成果,到电视剧《觉醒年代》《三体》在埃及热播,这些鲜活案例,都是跨文化传播的生动注脚。(人民日报海外版记者陈静文) 新闻结尾 亚洲无人区码一二三码区别图片 - 畅享多样化视频体验,随时随地欣赏精彩内容!的相关文章
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