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摄政王的金牌鬼妃-它如何塑造了新的审美标准与性别认知,值得深思的社会现象!
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美联储理事阿德里安娜·库格勒周二表示,关税可能会给物价带来上行压力,并产生比此前预期更大的经济影响。库格勒重申,她支持维持借贷成本稳定,直到通胀风险减弱,同时经济活动和就业保持稳定。

库格勒周二在明尼阿波利斯明尼苏达大学一场活动上表示:“经济正面临高度不确定性,通胀面临上行风险,而就业面临下行风险。”

她表示:“本月,我们了解到关税上调幅度远超此前预期。因此,关税的经济影响和相关的不确定性也可能比预期的要大。”

本月早些时候,美国总统唐纳德·特朗普宣布对贸易伙伴征收全面关税,同时对中国征收超过100%的关税。尽管关税仍存在相当大的不确定性,但经济学家普遍预计,关税将拖累美国经济增长并推高通胀。

库格勒表示,她不认为最近的市场动荡是公众对美联储失去信心的迹象。

库格勒表示:“不确定性不是来自我们。”

库格勒的讲话重点关注货币政策传导。她强调了美联储政策对经济产生作用所需的时间,并补充说,这种滞后是官员们必须积极主动地了解不同冲击影响的关键。

库格勒表示:“对货币政策制定者来说,重要的是广泛地研究所有可用的信息,包括基于市场的指标、调查和轶事报告,以便尽早了解经济状况,因为正如我所讨论的,政策产生影响需要时间。”

  4月20日,长春高新披露2024年年报,公司2024年营收同比下滑7.55%,净利润暴跌43.01%;2025年一季度,公司业绩颓势延续,净利润跌幅扩大至44.95%。这家曾被称为“东北药茅”的医药巨头,在生长激素业务受集采重创、带状疱疹疫苗增长乏力的双重打击下,正经历上市28年来的至暗时刻。

  营收、利润双双大幅下降一季度仍未见企稳信号

  长春高新2024年财报显示,公司全年营收134.66亿元,同比下降7.55%;归母净利润25.83亿元,同比暴跌43.01%。结合往期业绩表现看,这是自2004年以来首次年度营收负增长,净利润则倒退至2019年水平。更严峻的是,2025年一季度营收继续下降5.66%,净利润跌幅扩大至44.95%。

  将业绩拆分至各个子公司来看,长春高新旗下主要有金赛药业、百克生物、华康药业、高新地产等子公司。具体而言,四家公司分别从事基因工程生物药品、人用疫苗、中成药和化药的研发生产和销售以及房地产的开发销售。其中,金赛药业、百克生物为核心子公司,为长春高新贡献了主要的营收及利润。

  2024年,金赛药业实现收入106.71亿元,较上年同期降低3.73%;实现归属于母公司所有者的净利润26.78亿元,较上年同期降低40.67%。百克生物实现收入12.29亿元,较上年同期降低32.64%;实现归属于母公司所有者的净利润2.32亿元,较上年同期降低53.67%。

  业绩披露次日,长春高新股价盘中逼近跌停,收盘跌幅5.27%,市值蒸发近20亿元。与2021年历史高点相比,股价跌幅超80%,市值蒸发逾千亿。曾被捧为“医药茅台”的明星股,如今已跌破2017年水平。

  短效水针集采影响显现长效水针竞争加剧

  从上述数据不难看出,长春高新业绩下滑的主要原因在于贡献主要收入来源的核心子公司金赛药业利润出现较大降幅。结合往期业绩来看,2018年-2023年间,金赛药业营收复合增速达到28.2%,高于长春高新整体收入增速,2023年,金赛药业的净利润占长春高新净利润的99.60%,是长春高新的业绩“主力军”。

  金赛药业核心产品为生长激素类产品,包括注射用重组人生长激素(粉针剂)、重组人生长激素注射液(水针剂)、聚乙二醇重组人生长激素注射液(长效水针剂)等。2023年金赛药业收入占长春高新总营收的比例约90%。

  一直以来,金赛药业都被视为长春高新的“现金奶牛”。根据Wind医药库样本医院数据统计,2023年金赛药业生长激素行业市占率达到84.2%,市场地位领先。然而,随着竞品研发进展的推进以及受集采影响,生长激素生意正变得越来越难做。

  2022年起,短效粉针产品陆续被纳入多省集采,长春高新业绩增速显著放缓,但仍能维持正增长,或由于短效水针产品作为市场主流产品,彼时尚未纳入集采。

  资料显示,三类生长激素产品中,短效粉针2022年集采后价格具备显著优势,但长期使用可能影响疗效和安全,使用前需溶解,可能产生抗体,引起局部或全身性过敏反应。长效水针具备最佳的疗效和便利性,但年治疗费用最高,在15万元以上。而短效水针凭借着性价比优势,在国内生长激素市场中占据主导地位,2022年市场份额超60%。

  从竞争格局看,在粉针剂市场,金赛药业以超50%的市场份额稳居第一,安科生物和联合赛尔紧随其后;而在水针剂市场,金赛药业市场份额更是高达99%,安科生物及诺和诺德合计占比不足1%。

  2023年11月17日浙江省第四批集采中,金赛药业短效水针中标,2024年将首年执行集采,这也或是导致公司2024年业绩大幅下滑的主要成因。短效水针被纳入集采之后,长春高新仍具备想象空间的生长激素产品仅剩下了长效水针生长激素产品金赛增。

  过去很长一段时间,金赛增是国内唯一一款长效生长激素产品,凭借更好的患者依从性以及更高的售价,依然可以讲出渗透率+高单价的商业化故事。然而,这一垄断地位也随着同类竞品的出现而面临极大挑战。目前,特宝生物、维昇药业、诺和诺德的长效水针已进入上市申请阶段,预计未来一两年内将集中获批。

  带状疱疹疫苗高开低走 

  除了生长激素之外,百克生物的带状疱疹疫苗曾被视为长春高新第二增长曲线。2023年,百克生物国产首款带状疱疹疫苗“感维”放量迅猛,公司当期实现营收18.25亿元,同比增长70.30%;归母净利润5.01亿元,同比增长175.98%。

  然而,公司业绩高光时刻并未能持续。2024年,百克生物实现营收12.29亿元,同比下降32.64%;归属于上市公司股东的净利润2.32亿元,同比下降53.67%。2025年一季度,公司实现营收1.62亿元,同比下降39.96%;归属于上市公司股东的净利润106.4万元,同比下降98.24%。

  百克生物业绩大幅下滑主要由于带状疱疹疫苗销售收入下降所致。2024年,公司水痘疫苗和鼻喷流感疫苗的营收均有所增长,而带状疱疹疫苗营收2.51亿元,同比下降71.54%;销售量同比减少69.8%,同时库存增加79.97%。

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