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  北京4月17日电(记者孙自法)国际知名学术期刊《自然》北京时间4月16日夜间同期在线发表两篇神经学论文称,研究人员通过开展两项独立的临床试验,展示出干细胞疗法对帕金森病的安全性。

  这两篇论文分别研究了利用人诱导多能干细胞和人类胚胎干细胞产生的细胞,对帕金森病的临床试验。后续,其研究还需要进一步来测试这些疗法的有效性和临床获益。

  据介绍,帕金森病是一种神经退行性疾病,其特征为逐渐丧失那些产生多巴胺(一种神经递质)的神经元。尽管目前的治疗方法如左旋多巴等能在早期减轻症状,但效果会逐渐下降,而且经常伴随着运动障碍(不自主运动)等副作用。细胞疗法,特别是补充脑部生产多巴胺的神经元(多巴胺能神经元)的疗法,或有望提供更有效、副作用更少的治疗方法。

  在其中一项研究中,为检验帕金森病细胞疗法的安全性和潜在副作用,论文共同通讯作者、日本京都大学高桥良辅(RyosukeTakahashi)和高桥淳(JunTakahashi)和同事进行了一项I/II期临床试验。7名患者(年龄在50-69岁)接受了多巴胺能前体细胞(来自人诱导多能干细胞)移植,区域为双侧大脑。在研究持续的24个月中,没有报告严重副作用,移植的细胞产生了多巴胺,没有过度生长或形成肿瘤(一种干细胞疗法的相关风险)。

  研究者还在继续参与试验进行有效性评估的6位患者中发现,有4位在未服用标准药物的情况下观察到帕金森病相关运动症状减少,有5位服药期间观察到相关运动症状减少,这些为研究的次要结果。但这些结果因测量而异,有些测量方法显示的变化极小。

  在另一项单独的I期临床试验中,论文第一作者兼通讯作者、美国纪念斯隆-凯特琳癌症中心V.Tabar和同事及合作者一起,研究了来自人胚胎干细胞的多巴胺能前体细胞产品的安全性。12名患者(年龄中位数为67岁)接受了手术移植多巴胺能前体细胞产品到双侧大脑壳核。5名患者接受了低剂量(每侧壳核90万细胞),7名接受了高剂量(每侧壳核270万细胞)。

  这些细胞产品的耐受普遍良好,在后续18个月中没有报告与疗法相关的严重副作用。没有出现运动障碍的迹象,该副作用此前与胚胎组织移植治疗帕金森病有关。此外,在低剂量和高剂量组均观察到一些运动功能的改善(研究的次要结果),但改善程度依不同测量参数而异。

  这两项临床试验都证实了异体(非自身)干细胞衍生细胞产品移植治疗帕金森病的安全性。不过,这两项研究存在一些局限性,包括样本量小,两项研究均为开放标签试验(研究者和患者都知道谁接受了何种类型的治疗)。

  《自然》同期还发表同行专家的“新闻与观点”文章认为,该两项独立试验都显示出安全性,并暗示可能有效,这朝着在更广泛社会中开展这种帕金森病细胞疗法迈出了重要一步。(完)

  如今,不少女性已经接种了HPV疫苗,以预防宫颈癌等疾病。与此同时还有很多人疑惑:男性也会感染HPV病毒吗?他们能否接种HPV疫苗?

  近日,湖南长沙、广东广州、陕西西安三地男性九价HPV疫苗首针接种落地,针对男性预约HPV疫苗的流程,各地均提供了便捷的线上预约服务。

  首个男性九价HPV疫苗获批上市

  多地推进预约接种

  14日,继四价HPV疫苗开放男性接种后,进口九价HPV疫苗多项新适应证已获得国家药品监督管理局的上市批准,适用于16—26岁男性接种。

  此次获批的进口九价HPV疫苗覆盖HPV6、11、16、18、31、33、45、52、58九种高危和低危型别,适用于16—26岁男性,采用三剂次接种程序(0—2—6月),可预防肛门癌、生殖器疣及相关癌前病变。

  15日,进口九价HPV疫苗新适应证获批后的“首针”在全国多地同时开打,其中湖南“首针”在长沙开打。

  21岁的罗先生是湖南首位接种进口九价HPV疫苗的男性,“以前一直在关注HPV疫苗,昨天看到男性可以接种九价了,第一时间进行了预约。”罗先生表示,这是对自己的一种保护,也是对伴侣的保护。

  此次进口九价HPV疫苗男性适应证的获批,意味着男性接种HPV疫苗有了更多选择,也标志着我国在HPV防控领域再上新台阶。

  男性同样面临HPV病毒威胁

  人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)家族庞大,有200多种亚型。HPV对外界的抵抗力相对较强;性行为是感染HPV的主要途径,但不是唯一途径,HPV病毒还可通过母婴传播以及直接接触传播,如皮肤黏膜接触。

  武汉市疾控中心预防医学服务中心副主任熊越华介绍,相较女性而言,男性HPV感染此前较少被关注。这是因为目前暂无针对男性的HPV常规筛查项目,且大多数男性HPV感染没有明显临床症状。实际上,男性不仅HPV感染率高,且感染后自我清除慢,并可能会引起包括肛门癌和阴茎癌在内的严重的病变。

  HPV根据致癌性分为低危型和高危型:

  男性若持续感染低危型HPV,如HPV6和HPV11,可引起尖锐湿疣,不仅影响生理功能,造成心理压力,而且还具有传染性。

  持续感染高危型HPV,如HPV16和HPV18,则会增加男性患肛门癌、阴茎癌、口咽癌等恶性肿瘤的风险。

  此外,男性感染HPV后,不仅自身面临健康风险,还可能将病毒传染给女性伴侣,增加伴侣感染HPV及患宫颈癌等疾病的风险。因此,男性接种HPV疫苗,不仅能保护自己,还能保护伴侣。

  哪些情况不适宜接种?

  目前,适合男性的HPV疫苗主要有以下几种:

  四价疫苗:除了预防高危型,还能防生殖器疣;

  九价疫苗:预防的HPV型别更多,防护范围更广。

  以下情况不宜接种:

  对酿酒酵母和疫苗成分过敏者不能接种;

  接种疫苗后,可能出现疲劳、头疼、肌肉酸痛、恶心,以及接种部位轻微红肿、疼痛、瘙痒等症状,通常2—3天可缓解。

  建议在接种后:

  保持接种部位清洁干燥。避免沾水、剧烈运动引起出汗等情况;

  保证充足的休息,避免熬夜;

  清淡饮食,避免饮酒、喝茶、喝咖啡、吃辛辣食物等。

  需要注意的是,接种HPV疫苗并非一劳永逸,需保持良好的生活习惯、定期进行体检,如遇问题及时就医。 小米和爷爷在线阅读第一,最新热门高清影视内容的相关文章 男子带10名女子吃千元烧烤逃单的相关文章
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