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我是大泼猴:的推广策略:如何吸引大量用户?
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  转自:中国经营报

  本报记者党鹏成都报道

  近日,“供应链第一股”怡亚通(002183.SZ)发布2024年财报。该公司营收和归母净利润双降的同时,引人关注的是,曾贡献近三分之一营收的白酒业务已然被“隐藏”。

  作为业外资本,怡亚通曾凭借茅台、五粮液等名酒代理创下近百亿元销售额。“我们现在的主要精力是集中在大科技、新能源和大消费板块,白酒业务板块经营是正常的。”怡亚通证券部解释说。

  此外,受行业调整影响的还有在2023年从港股退市的“酒类流通第一股”银基集团(00886.HK)。岩石股份(维权)(600696.SH)也因巨额亏损以及实控人被调查,近日发布公告称面临退市风险。

  “业外资本进入白酒行业后,难以支撑业绩的原因及短板在于白酒行业有独特的生产工艺、品牌文化和消费习惯,新进入者难以快速建立品牌认知和忠诚度。”大消费行业专家杨怀玉认为,同时白酒销售渠道复杂,需要长期积累和维护,业外资本缺乏成熟的渠道网络;业外资本普遍缺乏深厚的品牌积淀,难以获得消费者认可,市场份额有限;对白酒行业规律和消费者需求理解也不深,运营策略容易出现偏差。

  怡亚通白酒流通“困局”

  财报显示,2024财年,怡亚通实现营收776.16亿元,同比减17.8%;归母净利润为1.06亿元,同比减少24.92%;扣非归母净利润为9197万元,同比增长14.92%。

  《中国经营报》记者注意到,在其财报中未披露酒类营收相关情况。年报中仅能从子公司深圳市怡亚通深度供应链管理有限公司的业绩中窥见一斑——实现营收5.52亿元,净利润仅为181.74万元,同比下滑32.8%。

  怡亚通是在2013年通过名酒分销切入白酒赛道。2018年,怡亚通酒饮业务收入就高达97亿元。尤其是在酱酒热背景下,怡亚通不再满足于做分销商,转而向白酒行业上游延伸,推出自有品牌和定制酒业务。公开资料显示,怡亚通先后与钓鱼台、国台、习酒等酒企合作开发的“珍品壹号”“国台黑金十年”等产品,2019—2021年贡献超12亿元品牌运营收入。

  2021年,怡亚通以高价收购茅台镇大唐酒业,推出自有酱酒品牌“大唐秘造”,试图构建从上游生产到下游销售的全产业链。但是怡亚通仅入主大唐酒业一年时间,就在2023年宣布退出。在其财报中,12家“秘造酒业”公司及大唐酒业被怡亚通转让处置,均被列为“不再纳入合并范围的子公司”。

  酱酒品牌未做起来,怡亚通又转而投身清香型白酒。天眼查显示,2023年6月,怡亚通子公司与山西金久盛合资成立山西怡亚通秘造供应链有限公司;随后在7月18日,又与山西华樽云放酒业(汾阳王酒业关联公司)共同成立四川怡华酒业有限公司。在上述两家企业中,怡亚通都是持股51%。但是截至目前,并未见怡亚通在清香领域发力。

  财报数据显示,2020—2023年,怡亚通白酒业务整体营收从63.71亿元降至33.02亿元。此外,在2023年报告期内,怡亚通酒饮品牌运营/自有品牌的营收为5.88亿元,同比下降25.23%。而2023年,怡亚通整体营收规模为944.22亿元。

  “怡亚通在白酒行业受阻的原因在于从传统流通转向品牌运营,需要全新的运营模式和团队。怡亚通虽具备流通优势,但在白酒领域,渠道资源有限,难以快速拓展市场。同时自有品牌推广效果不佳,品牌知名度和美誉度较低,消费者认可度不高。”杨怀玉认为,怡亚通的流通竞争力未能赋能白酒的原因在于,现有渠道资源与白酒目标市场不匹配,需要重新建立渠道网络。同时品牌建设与渠道拓展未能有效协同,导致市场推广效果不佳。

  白酒行业专家蔡学飞认为,流通酒企在中国做市场非常辛苦,一方面酒企牢牢掌握着品牌与产品资源,强势管控着产品的市场定价权;另一方面各级渠道商牢牢掌握着市场分销资源,销售商的产品溢价并不高,并且流通酒企终端建设投资大、周期长、难于管理,且流通酒企在产业链中议价能力有限,在目前厂家渠道下沉与直营化大趋势下,整体盈利能力不足。此时无论是清香还是酱香,挣的都是厂家与行业趋势的钱,一旦消费趋势改变,流通酒企经营必然受限。

  即使如此,深圳怡亚通酒业品牌市场总经理赵琰在今年春糖会上公开表示:“解决矛盾的关键在于打破单点博弈,构建‘共创共享’的生态型平台。”赵琰强调,怡亚通酒业依托怡亚通集团26年供应链基础设施积淀,正通过“FBS模式”(F:酒厂资产/B:品牌资产/S:终端资产)实现产业链价值重构。

  业外资本遇跨界难题

  在2020年前后,白酒行业备受资本关注,尤其是在酱香型白酒细分赛道,一度吹响了“集结号”。如今,随着白酒行业整体进入深度调整期,社会库存高企。截至2024年第三季度末,A股白酒上市公司存货总额超1300亿元,同比增长超10%,已披露年报的酒企存货仍有上涨趋势。

  由此,一些进入白酒行业的业外资本,开始“裸泳”在沙滩上,最先倒下的就是银基集团。该公司此前经销五粮液酒系列、国窖1573、贵州茅台酒产品、汾酒55°系列等。但是因为持续亏损,在2023年11月退市。

  此外,4月12日,岩石股份发布退市风险警示公告,预计2024年营收2.6亿—2.9亿元,扣非后营收2.5亿—2.8亿元,净利润-1.8亿—-2.5亿元。其困境根源在于控股股东海银系爆雷:实际控制人韩啸因非法集资被刑拘,3.74亿元关联资金违规占用未归还,导致64.8%股权被司法冻结。

  蔡学飞认为,白酒是一项长周期的事业,而且是劳动与资本密集型产业,而业外资本大多抱有短期财务目的来介入,缺乏在产品线布局、渠道建设以及市场布局方面的耐心与市场长期积累的运营能力,往往导致事倍功半。此轮白酒调整新周期,其实恰恰是一个挤泡沫的过程,这又让许多业外资本逐渐退出了白酒行业。

  蔡学飞举例说,承德露露、永辉超市包括锅圈实业集团等资本优势雄厚,也都有一定的网络与渠道资源,相对来说自身主导产品与白酒消费存在互补性,目标消费人群也比较一致,这些都给它们进军白酒行业提供了条件与信心。但是目前白酒处于行业调整周期,市场本身内卷严重,业外资本也不具备白酒成功运营经验,比如宋河酒业想借助锅圈实业集团重回巅峰,可能需要长期坚守,并且在数字化、酒庄、电商直播等赛道做出相应的模式创新,才有可能弯道超车,而这些恰恰是业外资本不具备的,短板明显。

  记者注意到,去年年底,在河南食品界发展迅速的锅圈实业集团,作为托管方介入宋河酒业重整。“目前债务重组已经基本完成,债权人和企业正在分工配合,推进正常经营。”宋河酒业招商运营中心总经理李金智表示,基于此,今年糖酒会上宋河酒业才得以全新亮相,并开启筑牢河南市场的战略。但是,对于宋河酒业高达100亿元的债务,并不是那么轻松就能化解。

  在杨怀玉看来,业外资本在白酒行业面临的挑战与机遇,主要有以下几点:一是行业集中度提高,中小酒企生存困难,资本投入风险加大;二是消费者需求多样化,对产品品质和品牌文化要求更高,企业需不断创新;三是行业监管加强,对产品质量、安全生产等方面要求更严格,企业合规成本增加;四是行业洗牌加速,为有实力的资本提供并购整合机会,实现快速扩张;五是高端白酒市场潜力巨大,满足消费者对高品质生活的追求,提升盈利能力;六是随着中国文化的全球传播,白酒国际化市场空间广阔,为资本提供新的增长点。

4月21日,近期黄金市场走势波澜壮阔,在周线录得巨阳线后,上周再度以大阳线收官。其中,上周四的行情尤为惊心动魄,亚欧盘期间金价持续走弱,然而美盘时段却上演惊天逆转,短短数小时内强势拉升40余美金,最终周线虽略带上影线,但周四的强势收盘,无疑彰显了多头的强劲实力。从技术分析视角来看,黄金多头格局已然稳固。

  回顾近期行情,黄金价格暴涨态势令人瞩目,单日涨幅超100美元的极端行情竟已出现3次。追根溯源,关税问题引发的避险情绪持续升温,成为推动黄金多头疯狂上行的核心动力。可以说,若关税争端进一步升级,或相关国家采取反制措施,黄金价格大概率将延续涨势;反之,一旦关税局势缓和,甚至开启谈判,黄金则会面临下行压力。

  聚焦周末市场消息,特朗普政府释放出与中国政府和谈的信号。若此消息属实,无疑将对黄金市场构成重大利空。与此同时,俄乌短暂停火也在一定程度上抑制了黄金多头的上行动能。不过,市场风云突变,特朗普威胁美联储降息未果后,扬言要解雇美联储主席鲍威尔,这一消息如同一颗重磅炸弹,其对全球金融市场的冲击力远超关税问题。关税摩擦、俄乌和谈、巴以冲突等事件尚未平息,特朗普针对鲍威尔的言论又引发市场新一轮担忧。

  特朗普此番威胁降息并考虑解雇鲍威尔的举动,严重威胁到美联储的独立性。一旦鲍威尔真的遭到解雇,其引发的连锁反应将比关税问题更为恐怖——美元信用体系将面临彻底崩塌,包括黄金在内的所有以美元计价的商品价格都将面临重新估值。作为全球金融秩序的核心支柱,美联储自二战后便承担着全球央行的角色,且始终保持政治独立性。一旦这一独立性被动摇,全球金融市场必将陷入灾难。

  受此影响,上周末特朗普政府试图缓和关税的利空消息被市场选择性忽视。上周五,黄金在探底3284区域后迅速回升,日线收出长下影小阴线,周线依旧保持大阳线格局。鲍威尔可能被解雇的言论令市场恐慌情绪蔓延,今日早盘黄金直接高开高走。

  从盘面走势分析,黄金短期上行趋势依然明显。白盘强弱分界线位于3355-3360区域,若价格运行于该区间上方,多头力量将持续占据主导;一旦跌破,则预示着行情转弱。今日关键分水岭在3330-3325区域,而上周五低点更是成为中期多空争夺的关键点位。上方阻力重重,重点关注3400-3405以及3425-3430两大阻力区间,短期3375-3380区域也需密切留意。

  至于操作上:在当前消息面主导市场的背景下,交易策略需紧密跟随消息变化。在白盘强弱分水岭3360-3355下破之前,建议以逢低买入为主,逐步向阻力位目标推进。在该分水岭未被跌破,或者金价尚未冲击3400大关之时,做空操作需保持高度谨慎。一旦满足上述两个条件中的任意一个,可考虑布局空单,目标依次看向日内分水岭3330,以及3300、3280-3285区域。

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