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继新思科技、西门子EDA等国际巨头接连出手并购之后,国内EDA(电子设计自动化)产业的并购步伐明显提速。

4月11日晚间,国内EDA领先厂商概伦电子披露,公司拟通过发行股份及支付现金的方式取得锐成芯微100%股权及纳能微45.64%股权,本次交易完成后,锐成芯微与纳能微均将成为上市公司的全资子公司。

3月31日,行业龙头华大九天亦公布了收购芯和半导体100%股权预案;前者在3月下旬还通过九天盛世EDA基金在亚科鸿禹B轮融资中战略领投……

对于近阶段EDA频繁涌现的并购案,芯谋研究企业部总监王笑龙近日向证券时报记者分析:“并购整合是EDA产业发展的重要手段。全球EDA规模约150亿美元,容纳不下太多企业,长期以来国际三巨头也是通过多年发展以及不断并购,各自构建了完整的产业生态链,形成非常高的壁垒。近几年国内EDA企业纷纷冒出,但以开发单点工具居多,在此背景下,行业龙头可以通过并购整合补齐多款关键核心工具,这不仅可以构建更完整的生态系统,还有助于实现全流程EDA平台企业这一目标,提升面对国际巨头的竞争力。”

他还指出,在国际贸易摩擦不断升级背景下,国内EDA企业不可避免受到一定影响,这更需要企业在技术创新、深化产业链布局方面多下苦功;同时,DeepSeek等大模型在EDA领域已展现出一定的应用潜力,国内EDA企业亦可重视在AI技术领域的投入。

“芯片之母”

EDA是指利用计算机辅助设计软件,来完成芯片的功能设计、综合、验证、物理设计(包括布局、布线、版图、设计规则检查等)等流程的设计方式。它涵盖了电子设计、仿真、验证、制造全过程的所有技术。

“芯片设计,好比‘在头发丝上起高楼大厦’,要在指甲盖大小的硅基板上构筑百亿晶体管迷宫。若没有EDA软件,设计师好比要给上亿个施工工地画施工图纸,却需要手工完成,显然是天方夜谭。”一位芯片设计师向证券时报记者比喻说。

作为产业最上游,EDA软件又被誉为“芯片之母”。机构测算,2024年,全球EDA市场规模约为157.1亿美元,预计2026年将达到183.34亿美元,小小的EDA市场却撬动着5000亿美元的半导体产业。

在中国市场,EDA产业同样表现强劲。2023年,中国EDA市场规模约127亿元人民币,约占全球EDA市场的10%。据中国半导体行业协会预测,2025年中国EDA市场规模将达到184.9亿元。

从行业格局看,长期以来,全球EDA市场被新思科技(Synopsys)、楷登电子(cadence)和西门子EDA(SiemensEDA)三家国际厂商(又称“EDA三巨头”)垄断,上述厂商拥有完整的、有总体优势的全流程产品。在中国市场,目前三家国际巨头占据主导地位,合计市场份额超过70%。

经过多年发展,国内EDA厂商华大九天和概伦电子等凭借部分领域的全流程工具,或在局部领域的领先优势,位列全球EDA行业的第二梯队。第三梯队的企业主要聚焦于某些特定领域或用途的点工具,整体规模和产品完整度与前两大梯队的企业存在明显的差距。

“在过去5年,国内EDA企业数量从10家增长到了100家以上,营收过亿元的公司不足两位数,至今仍是小而散的局面;另一方面,EDA行业技术门槛高,国内企业在高端领域仍与国际巨头存在差距,迫切需要发展出一些龙头企业。在这过程中,企业自研是一方面,另一方面则在于并购和整合,这是企业拓展产品线一个非常重要的手段。”中关村物联网产业联盟副秘书长袁帅向证券时报记者表示。

并购潮早已涌动

回顾EDA三巨头发展史,也是从做点工具的小公司起步。这三家企业一方面持续重金投入研发,追求产品性能和效率的提升;另一方面在资本推动下,不断并购同行企业,在过去30多年里完成了约270起并购案,才成就现在的规模体量。

全球的产业整合仍在继续。3月5日,英国竞争监管机构批准了新思科技以350亿美元收购安斯科技(Ansys)的交易。方案显示,此次合并将在核心EDA领域和极具潜力的新兴增长领域(如汽车、航空航天和工业智造等),进一步加强新思科技“从芯片到系统”发展战略,而Ansys在这些领域拥有成熟的业务布局和成功的市场经验。

去年10月31日,西门子宣布将以每股113美元的价格,收购美国工业仿真软件厂商AltairEngineering,交易总价值约106亿美元,预计将于2025年下半年完成。

在此背景下,国内EDA产业的并购步伐亦提速。3月31日,华大九天收购芯和半导体100%股权预案出炉,后者拥有对标国际巨头的从芯片到系统的仿真产品。华大九天认为,该交易将有助公司补齐多款关键核心EDA工具,打造全谱系全流程能力。

“结合双方产品平台,可以构建更完整的产品链条和生态系统,提升整体竞争力。交易完成后,华大九天将构建从芯片到系统级的EDA解决方案,将打破EDA现有的集成电路芯片设计、制造及封装市场规模的天花板。”华大九天指出。

无独有偶,4月11日晚间,概伦电子亦宣布收购锐成芯微100%股权及纳能微45.64%股权。标的公司主要从事半导体IP(知识产权IntellectualProperty)设计、授权及相关服务;概伦电子认为,参照国际EDA巨头如新思科技和铿腾电子的发展路径,EDA和IP的深度协同是领先EDA企业发展的必经之路,也是推动集成电路行业的工艺演进和高端芯片竞争力提升的重要支撑。

事实上,国内EDA产业的整合并购潮早已涌动。

据统计,近两年国内至少已有20笔投资和收购交易涉及EDA公司。例如,2022年10月,华大九天公告拟以1000万美元现金收购芯達芯片科技100%股权;2023年5月,概伦电子收购芯智联100%股权;同年9月,广立微收购亿瑞芯43%股权……

不过,并购之后的整合风险亦为业内所关注。参考历史案例,例如在技术整合方面,2016年Mentor(现西门子EDA)收购SolidoDesignAutomation后,历时三年才完成工具链融合。

鸿芯微纳CEOCharlieHuang在3月中旬的某论坛上阐述了EDA这一细分赛道的并购前景。他指出,当前EDA行业企业数量众多但市场分散,行业整合或淘汰已成必然趋势,并购并非单纯资本运作,而是需结合战略眼光与执行魄力的系统工程,尤其需警惕短期业绩压力与整合风险。

针对同业整合,CharlieHuang指出,纵向并购中常面临产品线与人员冗余问题,执行者需“铁面无私”裁撤重叠业务,否则难以实现市场协同效应;横向并购则需瞄准行业龙头,即使溢价收购也要敢于决策,但前提是股东与董事会能给予长期耐心。他还提醒,并购后的整合成效往往需5年甚至10年方能显现。

AI助力智能化转型

除了整合风险,在国际贸易摩擦不断升级背景下,国内EDA企业不可避免受到一定影响,这更需要企业专注技术创新、深化产业链布局。

谈及行业后续发展重点,华大九天董事长刘伟平在今年2月份曾表示,在摩尔定律面临失效时,Chiplet(又称“小芯片”技术)会是非常重要的方向之一。EDA三巨头还没有针对Chiplet的完整原生工具,现存工具都是修改补充来的,因此在原生Chiplet工具方面存在大量的机会。

同时,半导体产业正在经历由AI带来的深刻变革,EDA这一细分领域亦不例外。北京社科院研究员王鹏近日向证券时报记者分析称,DeepSeek等大模型的发展对EDA行业的推动作用正在显现。人工智能(AI)技术可以通过机器学习算法优化芯片设计流程,提高设计效率和精度。例如,AI算法可以应用于EDA工具的仿真验证、布局布线等环节,加速设计过程并降低错误率。此外,AI技术还可以帮助EDA企业实现智能化转型,提升产品竞争力和市场份额。

对此,国内厂商正加紧布局。今年2月11日,广立微曾宣布其SemiMind平台接入DeepSeek,能够实现三方面功能:集成行业Know-how与海量工艺数据,构建专业领域知识库;支持用户通过低代码/无代码的方式,快速搭建定制化功能模块;智能化升级数据分析软件平台,提供个性化的推荐、自动化的流程管理以及实时的数据分析。

2月28日,国产FPGA芯片设计EDA软件亿灵思(eLinx)宣布接入DeepSeek,支持快速生成FPGA功能模块、精确识别代码语法和逻辑错误、提升代码性能三个主要功能。

刘伟平认为,公司有些工具已开始采用AI技术,帮助工程师实现了明显的效率提升,有些原来需要做10个小时的工作,现在1个小时就能完成。不过,他也表示,目前AI对于EDA工具的影响更多是辅助性的。在EDA行业,工程师工作的核心方法是计算,但AI的基本技术方式是推理,而推理的结果尚难实现绝对精准。

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