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  “职业新鲜人”开辟就业新赛道

  专家建议,平台、监管机构与从业者需共同构建“有门槛、有标准、有保障”的生态体系

  阅读提示

  近年来,涌现了很多新职业从业者——“职业新鲜人”。他们寻找新的就业创业机会,同时也遇到各种问题和挑战。专家建议,应从完善法规到技术赋能,平台、监管机构与从业者需共同构建“有门槛、有标准、有保障”的生态体系。

  从民宿管家到网络主播,从喂猫遛狗到代厨收纳……近年来,消费新业态、新模式快速发展,许多过去没有听说过的新职业涌现出来。人们把这些新职业从业者称为“职业新鲜人”。

  职业新鲜人的“新”,直观地表现为他们在日益多样化的消费需求中挖掘新机遇,寻找就业创业机会。这其中有很多务工者带着对未来的期许,也带着对生活的迷茫与挣扎,在城市的繁华街巷中,演绎一个个职业新故事。

  从工地走上直播平台

  老家在重庆巫溪的彭林,原本在重庆主城一家装修公司做木工,工钱稳定但收入有限。两年前,他听说短视频行业发展迅速,便决定尝试转型成为一名主播。

  刚开始,一些人认为彭林的视频缺乏创新性,内容显得单调乏味。甚至在一次直播中,因为突发状况导致观众纷纷投诉。为此,他请来专业的拍摄团队,找了个光线良好的直播间,提前练习台词,在跌跌撞撞后,而今他已是当地小有名气的主播。

  “转型过程中最大的挑战就是适应新的行业规则和观众反馈机制。每一个视频都像是一个试验品,既要满足观众的期待,又要承受他们的质疑。”彭林告诉记者,针对同一类产品,消费者通过网络可以找到很多货源,直播带货很难通过货源建立竞争优势,这就要求网络主播对产品应有充足的知识储备。对消费新需求、市场新变化要保持敏锐,并做到高效率技能迭代。

  据彭林介绍,网络直播在下沉市场扎根发芽,也吸引越来越多年轻人才为乡村发展贡献力量。他及时调整经营方向,通过与村委会、村集体经济组织合作,共同培养农民主播,打造农村直播团队,目前已开展280多场直播,销售额累计超1000万元。

  城市化与区域创新极发展研究中心秘书长、重庆大学特聘教授姚树洁认为,成长于新消费背景下的新兴职业,正在成为就业“蓄水池”。其凭借开放性、包容性、普惠性的就业特征,创造了丰富的就业岗位,尤其是在经济欠发达地区成为人们增加收入的重要渠道。

  机遇与挑战并存

  省心省力,可选上门洗衣刷鞋;外出旅行,有人上门喂宠铲便;忙碌一天,在家即享上门代厨……互联网的便捷,催生“上门服务”遍地开花。

  重庆彭水90后农村小伙刘晓峰,原来在一家大型国企当保安,由于喜爱厨艺,只是在周末将做饭当作调节生活的兴趣爱好。后来由于业务红火,他决定辞职专干上门代厨。

  而今拥有10年上门代厨经验的刘晓峰,从一个人发展到十余人的代厨公司,每月除去员工工资,还有3万~5万元的毛利。他说,接待的顾客大多觉得代厨的形式很新颖,再加上顾客自己不愿做饭才下的单。过去很多需要消费者到店享受的服务被“搬”到家中,让“服务到家”成了许多人生活消费的一种新选择。

  由于行业门槛相对较低,一些未经过专业培训的人员也能接单,导致服务质量参差不齐。刘晓峰表示,为了提高服务质量,公司已经加强了对代厨师的招募和审核标准,要求申请人必须提供健康证,并对其进行现场厨艺考核。同时,还建立了客户评价系统,对代厨师的服务质量进行实时监控和反馈。尽管如此,仍时有顾客投诉,诸如味道不满意,清洁不到位等问题。

  姚梅在社交平台上从事“上门喂宠”行业已近4年时间。由于态度好、遛狗经验丰富、又经常在社交媒体发布相关视频,在重庆,邀请她接单的顾客越来越多。

  据姚梅介绍,平时下单的顾客多是上班族或外地人,上门喂养宠物的时间大概是在一个小时内,这一个小时中喂养师会根据不同宠物的习性和主人的交代进行消毒,清扫和喂养。

  记者在采访中了解到,宠物喂养领域同样乱象丛生,有人接单后缺乏基础护理知识,导致宠物生病或走失。此外,价格不透明、虚假宣传等问题也普遍存在。

  亟须共建良好生态体系

  “门槛不算高,成长空间大”,是不少受访者对新职业的评价。但要想在职业道路上走得稳、行得远,“职业新鲜人”要练就“十八般武艺”,硬技能、软实力一个都不能少。

  随着时代的发展和经济结构的变化,新职业的出现正逐渐改变着传统行业的格局。但是从人才队伍的综合素质、业务水平、服务能力来看,“职业新鲜人”存在不少“天然”短板,这也折射出职业培训仍有较大发展空间。

  新职业在带来便利的同时,也隐藏着诸多安全隐患。以宠物服务为例,喂猫、遛狗被抓伤时有发生,如何认定责任成难题。“上门服务最大的顾虑是安全问题,无论是人身还是财产。”从事宠物喂养的刘女士在接受记者采访时表示,春节期间,她兼职上门喂养宠物,8天赚了千余元,但过程中多次遭遇纠纷:一次因猫咪应激抓伤手臂,另一次因客户家中监控拍到她在厨房短暂停留,被质疑“偷拿物品”。

  事实上,信任机制缺失与权责模糊是核心问题。目前,多数新职业服务通过互联网平台点对点交易,缺乏合同约束和平台监管。对此,姚树洁认为,其间涉及隐私暴露和人身安全,但现行法律对服务者资质审核、纠纷责任划分等尚无明确规定,消费者维权难度大。

  “新兴职业相关法律法规还处于‘真空’地带,亟须尽早出台管理规定。可以从完善法规到技术赋能,平台、监管机构与从业者需共同构建‘有门槛、有标准、有保障’的生态体系。”姚树洁说,推行服务合同标准化,明确服务内容、收费标准、责任划分等条款,并引入第三方保险机制,降低纠纷风险。(本报记者李国)

  来源:工人日报新闻结尾 随遇而安 十三生:亲戚却有4个娃,生活的无奈令人深思!的相关文章
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