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“智驾一哥”很香,但当下激进车企们更需冷静下来、踩一踩刹车。

@科技新知原创作者丨樱木 编辑丨江蓠 主编丨九黎

舆论逐渐回归平静的新能源车圈,最近又起了波澜。

4月14日,有消息称,小鹏汽车自研的AI智驾芯片将于今年二季度正式量产上市,首发搭载于小鹏的全新车型。加上之前3月底,蔚来宣布自研芯片神玑NX9031可能会在et9上搭载,这意味着,新势力在智驾方向上仍在加速。

与此同时的另一面,4月11日,风口浪尖的小米,再次对外公布了一起事故详情,一辆小米SU7标准版于湛江市徐闻县曲界镇376省道,在驾驶员(经查非车主本人)手动驾驶状态行驶过程中,与一辆电动二轮车发生碰撞。

小米短时间内连续发生的安全事故,也给狂飙中的新能源车敲响了警钟。

一方面,智驾趋势发展并未因为头部车企的事故而停止,而另一方面,安全性的拷问似乎仍让人充满疑惑。两者矛盾之下,如何看待当下的智驾,特别是以智驾为主要卖点的车企,仍然是一道值得纠结的难题。

2025年1月25日,雷军开启龙年收官直播。当天下午1点48分,雷军的抖音直播间突然遭到封禁。随后两天,余承东在“自驾回安徽老家过年”的直播中,其抖音直播间也被封禁。

随后,就传出了抖音因“边开车边直播”违规而掐断直播的传言,但据猜测,更直接的原因,也许是之前多场直播时,两位大佬为了测试智驾而进行的较为激进的开车方式,正在影响着无数普通消费者。

但仅是这种程度的降温,似乎仍然难以让企业停下来思考安全性的重要。流量与差异化的溢价仍让许多车企选择“铤而走险”。

在车企在宣传中,大量的非官方自创词语被应用,比如“准L3”、“L2.9”等,也在有意无意地“误导”着消费者。在小鹏等以智能化为核心卖点的车企营销中,也大量的使用如“零接管”等词汇,而若忽视频发的事故,不断攀升的安全数据与渗透率,似乎成了车企有力的证据。

在未成熟的技术领域,却堆积大量营销资源,内卷的车企,无形中让智驾陷入到了营销流量、安全性与技术成熟的不可能三角。而面对着交付压力与更加激烈的竞争,车企是否能从漩涡中爬出?一切似乎仍在迷雾之中。

01

激进分子爱打“智驾卖点”牌

2025年4月,理想汽车CEO李想本人的一条朋友圈流出。他表示,媒体和行业机构应该统一自动驾驶的中文名词的标准,L2和L3什么的用户听不懂,都是专业话术。建议统一名称:L2=辅助驾驶;L3=自动辅助驾驶;L4=自动驾驶L5=无人驾驶。最好一个多余的中文字也不要有,避免夸张的宣传造成用户使用的误解。在推广上克制,在技术上投入,对用户、行业、企业都长期有利。

这也许是第一次,连车企品牌也受不了越来越夸张智驾营销。

其实从消费者的角度来看,要理解当下的智驾,早就已经是一道难题。正如理想所言,除了L1至L5的表述之外,车企正在用更多的名词,让智驾变得复杂。诸如城市NGP、城市NOA、全场景端到端、FSD、admax、端到端+VLM、MINDVLA、ADS3.0英文之外,还有天神之眼、浩瀚等。

术语穿插着各种不同的名称,让原本并不复杂的智驾功能介绍变得日趋需要“阅读理解”。

而之所以会有这样的情形,主要原因在于,智驾技术的并未成熟导致行业差异化优势不大,如果不包装概念很难让人信服。其中典型的例子很多,比如曾经有智驾一哥之称的小鹏。

小鹏是中国最早实现城市NOA的车企,2022年10月小鹏就开启了在广州的NOA,直到2024年1月,小鹏已经是开城数量最多的车企。

但到2024年下半年,形势开始发生逆转。“端到端”成为主流共识型智驾方案,小鹏的优势开始被追平。何小鹏也坦言,“到2023年一季度末,我就意识到原来基于高精地图和规则做城市NOA这条路走不通,觉得应该转”。

技术方向尚且不够稳定,但在营销侧,小鹏依旧以智驾为核心心智进行推广。在晚点的报道中,有小鹏的员工坦言,智驾就像小鹏的亲儿子,打不得骂不得,只能说遥遥领先。

而面对如此快速的技术变革,何小鹏坦言“只能我做判断,我来赌,出错了我来担。”此刻我们无法苛责,企业在面对技术变革与市场激烈竞争时的决策,但从另一个角度来看,变动幅度如此巨大的技术,当真已经成熟到可以大范围推广了吗?

特别是如企业自身宣称的“全新一代高速NGP自上线以来,每千公里被动接管次数仅0.5次,平均通行时速相比上一代版本提升13%。”以及“根据小鹏实验室2023年的数据,智驾事故率仅为人工驾驶的十分之一”。

可以理解的是,小鹏当时处于转型的困难时期,守住核心心智是公司的重要方向。但智驾本身的不稳定,在激进的公司策略下被不断放大,当流量进一步加持时,矛盾无疑将滑向更大的危险。

和小鹏同属智驾头部的鸿蒙智行,对于智驾的态度,也常常让人迷惑,如今年余承东层表示:“智能驾驶,凑合能用与好用并安全,是完全不同的境界!就像打电话有网就行,上网就需5G!这就是为什么很多人说华为鸿蒙智行是断代领先!”

这样的话术,从某种程度容易让人产生智驾已然非常成熟的错觉。其实根据行业专家观点来看,智驾技术确实有差异,但整体仍未有太大差异。“在绝大部分场景,价格高低对在智驾上的体验区别不大。”在中国电动汽车百人会论坛(2025)期间,卓驭科技AI首席技术官陈晓智曾说到。

而在此方面,低调的雷军也在曾表示,一年时间小米智驾已经连续突破成熟“在过去的一年里面,我们从高速NOA(NavigateonAutopilot,即高速导航辅助驾驶),到城区NOA到无图NOA,然后再到端到端大模型,车位到车位,包括VLM(视觉语言模型)。”

智驾牌已经成了激进分子快速突破,表达技术领先的一种“捷径”,而冷静的声音,此刻却显得十分落寞,比如:“智能驾驶不是一场秀,实践出真知。”长城汽车CEO魏建军也表示,真正的智能驾驶技术关乎每一个用户和家庭的出行体验和安全,应该满足用户高频的出行场景。

岚图汽车CEO卢放多次公开强调“智驾标准化缺失”问题:“一定要跟用户讲清楚什么是智驾,一定要有清醒的判断和认真的分析与思考,一定要给用户一个正确的判断权利。”

但似乎没人能记住他们的发言。

02

流量、智驾与安全的不可能三角

智驾作为高速发展的技术,在2024年迎来了另一重加持,即流量。小米su7的一骑绝尘,让新能源车企,第一次看到了顶流创始人IP的力量。雷军作为引流神器,不仅自身是流量的焦点,更多的如视频切片、金句等,也成为了互联网绝佳素材。比如,其单手开车,被其他车辆“cutin”的画面,成为智能车避让的典型素材内容广为传播。

而在流量加持之下,雷军等IP对用户心智产生的影响不可估量。

2025年初,雷军与余承东的抖音直播间因“边开车边直播”被封禁,表面是平台规则的执行,实则暴露出车企利用顶流IP进行激进营销的隐患。雷军的个人流量为小米汽车带来超30万订单,但也让用户对智驾技术产生过度信赖。而这种信赖在社交媒体的传播下,逐渐从小米泛化到其他品牌。

在小红书、抖音等社交媒体中,类似于插水瓶自动驾驶的现象屡见不鲜。虽然平台多次提醒、警告,但一场关于智能驾驶的激进尝试,已经悄悄发生。大量的案例显示,用户潜移默化的已经将车厂推出的“辅助驾驶”跟L4以上级别的自动驾驶混淆。而另一方面,车企的态度却仍然希望在智驾这块流量池中,加一把火。

2025年初,比亚迪宣布其全系车型将搭载高阶智驾技术,让全民智驾成为可能。其中天神之眼C首批上市21款车型,覆盖7万级到20万级,包括在售价格最亲民的海鸥。

何小鹏更是在汽车百人论坛上指出,智能辅助驾驶之所以没有成为客户购车决策的一个重要原因,就是太贵。“我们看到,高等级智能辅助驾驶比一般仅仅提供ACC的智能辅助驾驶大概要贵五万块钱。而如果只贵一万或者贵两万之内,我们相信,高等级智能辅助驾驶甚至无人驾驶会快速占领这个市场”。

大幅度拉宽智能驾驶的使用人群,无疑成了车企赢得市场的方式。但需要注意的是,尽管多名创始人推广所谓“高阶智驾”,但时至今日,其功能仍然没有达到L3级别。所以仍然是“辅助驾驶”。

而这样的营销,除非车企主动澄清甚至施加干预,才有可能踩刹车。但显然车企并没有想主动停下这列高速发展的趋势。即便处于小米事故引发的舆论风波中,仍可以看出近期智驾的发展在继续加速。全新的芯片、更便宜的价格,更大的流量,仍在浇灌着这个领域。

但安全性的谜题,似乎仍然没有人敢做出更高的承诺。

03

如何走出“安全洼地”?

在技术崇拜与军备竞赛之下,智能驾驶正在滑向安全洼地,而要走出这片洼地,需要车企、行业、监管部门等多方共同努力。

当前,车企在智驾技术研发上呈现出激进的态势,为了抢占市场先机,不断加快技术迭代和产品落地速度。然而,技术的快速推进背后,是对安全性和成熟度的忽视。

智驾技术作为一项复杂的系统工程,涉及传感器、芯片、算法、数据等多个层面,任何一个环节的不成熟都可能导致安全事故的发生。

而另一方面,从车企与用户的角度来看,夸张的营销,以及过度依赖与错误使用,都在加速将智能驾驶推向危险的边缘。

在小米su7的事故分析中,多位智能驾驶行业人士曾向媒体透露,小米事故车辆的智能辅驾驶助遇到的场景,几乎是每个车企智驾团队都会遇到的挑战。

在纯视觉智驾感知环节,前几年由特斯拉带火的BEV感知(鸟瞰图)+OCC(占用网络)等技术,是行业比较常见的感知方案。专家表示,在高速道路上,BEV能检测距离往往就100米左右,而实际上,超过60米车就看得不是很准了。“如果以100km/h行驶,智驾系统的反应时间基本也就3.6秒左右”。“远距离的静止障碍物检测难度不小,有激光雷达肯定会更好,至少能更早看到障碍物”。

另一位智驾行业资深人士也表示,“路况不好(比如光照、视野遮挡)的情况下,从100km/h到完全刹停是有一定技术难度的;但减速到比较低,如60km/h还是相对容易做到”。

小米风波后,可以看到许多车企已经开始了弱化零接管等词汇的使用,但不得不说,这样的进步仍然不够。在36氪的访谈中,有智驾行业人士透露,尽管车企列明了一长串注意事项,“但其实只是一种免责声明。而用户在实际开车时,很难想起来什么场景下AEB能够生效”。

换言之,想要真正走出安全洼地,需要动用更大程度上的共识。

智驾行业面临着加速发展与保障安全的双重压力。虽然行业内车企在智驾赛道上持续加速,自研芯片、低价策略、流量营销等手段不断涌现,但安全始终是智驾发展的底线。

只有车企摒弃激进的发展模式,注重技术的稳健研发;行业建立统一的规范和标准,杜绝夸大宣传;加强用户教育,增强安全意识;监管部门完善制度,加强监管,才能让智驾行业走出“安全洼地”,实现真正的可持续发展。

在这场智驾竞赛中,速度固然重要,但安全才是抵达终点的唯一通行证。

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