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  4月24日电据最高人民法院网站消息,最高人民法院、最高人民检察院24日共同发布《关于办理侵犯知识产权刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》(以下简称《解释》)及知识产权刑事保护典型案例。最高人民法院副院长陶凯元在24日举行的新闻发布会上介绍相关情况。

  一、《解释》的制定背景

  党的十八大以来,党中央把知识产权保护工作摆在更加突出的位置,实行严格的知识产权保护制度,强调要完善相关刑事法律和司法解释,加大对侵犯知识产权犯罪的刑事打击力度。全国各级人民法院、人民检察院充分发挥审判、检察职能,2013年至2024年间,提起公诉侵犯知识产权刑事案件6.91万件,审结一审侵犯知识产权刑事案件6.46万件,对于服务品牌强国建设、保障文化产业健康发展、维护公平竞争市场秩序、促推创新创造发挥了重要的作用,充分彰显我国严格保护知识产权、打击侵犯知识产权犯罪的担当和作为。

  当前,知识产权领域侵权易发多发现象仍一定程度存在,犯罪行为呈现新型化、复杂化、高技术化等特点,社会各界创新创作主体对加强知识产权刑事保护的需求日益强烈。2021年施行的刑法修正案(十一)对侵犯知识产权犯罪作了重大修改,增加了犯罪行为类型,完善了入罪标准,增设了新罪名。因此,亟需制定一部符合中央政策和立法精神、满足知识产权刑事保护需求的司法解释。最高人民法院、最高人民检察院制发本《解释》,是国家最高司法机关进一步贯彻落实党中央关于加强知识产权保护决策部署的重要举措,也是依法惩治侵犯知识产权犯罪、维护市场经济秩序的现实要求。《解释》根据刑法修正案(十一)制定,是对侵犯知识产权犯罪的一次全新的系统性解释,吸收、整合了此前三部相关司法解释的有效规定,同时废止了前三部司法解释,以便于司法实践操作,有效规范刑事案件办理,确保法律适用标准统一,为创新创造营造良好的法治环境。

  二、《解释》的基本特点

  《解释》坚持严格保护、依法解释、法治统一、问题导向,确保内容科学合理、适应形势发展、满足实践需要,具有四个基本特点:

  一是坚持严格保护,确保罪责刑相适应。《解释》关于入罪标准主要沿用原有司法解释的规定,降低部分犯罪入罪门槛,从源头上遏制侵犯知识产权犯罪,凸显知识产权严格保护理念。同时,全面贯彻宽严相济刑事政策,设置从重、从轻处罚条文,该宽则宽,当严则严,确保罪责刑一致。

  二是坚持依法解释,严格遵循罪刑法定原则。知识产权刑事保护遵循权利法定和罪刑法定“双重法定”原则。《解释》严格遵循刑法、知识产权部门法的明文规定和立法本意,结合司法实践,依法明确了侵犯知识产权犯罪相关罪状含义,厘清罪与非罪的边界,特别是刑事犯罪与民事纠纷的界限。

  三是坚持法治统一,确保司法标准一致。《解释》对刑法规定的“通过信息网络向公众传播”“复制发行”等法律用语的解释与著作权法的规定保持一致,确保刑事法律规范与知识产权部门法规定的一致性,民事案件与刑事案件之间的协调性,确保知识产权民事、行政、刑事保护整体合力的发挥。

  四是坚持问题导向,凝聚法治共识。最高人民法院、最高人民检察院深入调研,全面系统梳理实践中存在的问题,向社会公开征求意见并反复研究论证,对解释稿多次进行修改完善。《解释》对“标识数量”“违法所得数额”等实践中争议较大问题进一步明确标准,确保相关刑法规定得到切实有效实施。

  三、《解释》的主要内容

  《解释》共31条,具体分为五部分:

  一是商标犯罪相关规定。《解释》对实践中争议较大的“同一种商品、服务”“相同商标”“注册商标标识”等认定标准进一步明确,在吸收整合原有司法解释基础上,增加规定了假冒服务注册商标等商标犯罪的入罪标准。

  二是假冒专利罪相关规定。《解释》规定了“假冒他人专利”的具体情形以及假冒专利罪的入罪标准,根据实际情况适当降低了入罪门槛。

  三是著作权犯罪相关规定。《解释》对争议较大的“未经著作权人许可”“复制发行”等认定标准进一步明确,在整合原有司法解释的基础上,规定了著作权犯罪的入罪标准。

  四是商业秘密犯罪相关规定。《解释》进一步明确了“盗窃”“电子侵入”等不正当手段的认定标准,规定了侵犯商业秘密“情节严重”的具体规则,明确了损失数额、违法所得数额等认定标准。

  五是知识产权犯罪共性问题的规定。《解释》进一步规定了侵犯知识产权犯罪共同犯罪、从重从轻处罚、罚金适用、单位犯罪、没收和销毁等适用标准以及非法经营数额、违法所得数额、销售金额等的具体认定规则。

  陶凯元表示,今天,最高人民法院、最高人民检察院还将同时配套发布9件知识产权刑事保护典型案例,涉及实践中常见的法律适用争议问题,这些案件的办理体现了《解释》的精神,有助于对《解释》的准确把握和正确适用。

  陶凯元强调,下一步,将指导各级人民法院、人民检察院以《解释》的公布施行为契机,充分发挥审判和检察职能作用,不断强化对知识产权的刑事司法保护,服务保障知识产权强国建设,促推新质生产力发展。 我给儿子当孙子真相 - 游戏与爱心交织的奇妙世界的相关文章 “巨型鱿鱼”首次被“目击”的相关文章
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