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  4月18日电国新办18日举行一季度有关经济数据例行新闻发布会,工业和信息化部总工程师谢少锋介绍2025年一季度工业和信息化发展情况,并答记者问。会上,谢少锋指出,一季度,工业对宏观经济增长的贡献率达到了36.3%,“压舱石”作用持续发挥。工业民间投资保持两位数增长,企业预期提振、效益改善,规模以上工业企业数量持续增加,制造业采购经理指数(PMI)连续2个月扩张。

  谢少锋介绍,今年以来,工业和信息化发展态势良好,经济运行稳中向好,产业结构持续优化,新质生产力加快培育,一季度实现良好开局,为完成全年经济目标打下坚实基础。

  一是经济运行平稳向好。推动存量政策和增量政策加快落地,一季度规模以上工业增加值同比增长6.5%,增速比去年四季度加快0.8个百分点。装备制造业发展良好,特别是电子、汽车、电气机械器材等行业拉动作用突出。前两个月,软件和信息技术服务业实现收入近1.9万亿元。一季度,工业对宏观经济增长的贡献率达到了36.3%,“压舱石”作用持续发挥。工业民间投资保持两位数增长,企业预期提振、效益改善,规模以上工业企业数量持续增加,制造业采购经理指数(PMI)连续2个月扩张。

  二是发展质量持续提升。加快推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合,发展壮大新质生产力,推进工业的高端化智能化绿色化发展,产业转型升级内生动能不断增强。人形机器人、无人机、X荧光光谱仪、AI智能体、细胞和基因治疗药物等标志性产品取得突破。技术交易市场发展活跃,全国技术合同实现16.8万项,成交额超过1.2万亿元,较去年同期增长10.8%。人工智能技术发展日新月异,自主人工智能大模型在重点工业领域规模化部署加快,“人工智能+”等创新产品加速突破,AI手机、AI电脑、AI电视等新型智能终端产品不断走进千家万户。智能工厂梯度培育提质增效,全国已建成3万余家基础级智能工厂、1200余家先进级智能工厂、230余家卓越级智能工厂,这些类型的智能工厂覆盖超过80%的制造业行业大类,工厂产品研发周期平均缩短28.4%,生产效率平均提升22.3%。工业绿色低碳转型成效显著,扎实推进重点行业节能降碳改造,加强先进绿色低碳技术装备推广应用,氢能等新型储能应用场景不断拓展,重点行业规模以上工业单位增加值能耗持续下降。

  三是数字产业再上台阶。以5G、人工智能大模型等为代表的数字技术迅速发展,前两个月数字产业完成业务收入同比增长8.2%。网络基础设施能力持续增强,截至3月底,累计建成开通5G基站439.5万个,具备千兆网络服务能力的10GPON端口数达到了2925万个,5G用户普及率达到了75.9%,千兆宽带用户达到了2.18亿户。

  当前,外部环境复杂性、严峻性、不确定性明显上升,全球贸易体系和规则被严重损害,给全球经贸发展和产业链供应链稳定造成极大不确定性,也给我国工业发展带来一定影响。但是,我们有信心、有底气克服眼前的困难。我国拥有完整的产业体系、超大规模市场和完善的信息基础设施,工业经济的韧性强、潜力大、活力足,经济高质量稳定发展的基本面不会改变,并将为全球产业链供应链注入确定性。

  谢少锋表示,下一步,将坚持集中力量办好自己的事,以开放促改革,以合作促共赢;坚持建设现代化产业体系,推动传统产业优化升级,培育壮大新兴产业,超前布局未来产业;坚持推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合,加快发展新质生产力;坚持完善企业梯度培育体系,高标准培育高新技术企业、专精特新“小巨人”企业、瞪羚企业等,以优质服务助力中小企业发展;坚持高质量供给,促进全国统一大市场建设,着力营造市场化、法治化、国际化一流营商环境,保持工业经济向稳向好发展势头。

  悉尼4月18日电(记者顾时宏)澳大利亚楚商联合会与中国湖北省随州市17日在悉尼联合举办经贸文化合作洽谈会,双方就农业、制造业、文化教育等领域的合作进行了深入交流,并签署了一系列合作协议。

  月薪3500元的保安因为违反竞业协议而“摊上事”,撕开了部分企业滥用这一劳动条款的遮羞布

  近日,人力资源社会保障部、最高人民法院联合发布第四批劳动人事争议典型案例,其中,月薪3500元的保安李某跳槽,公司以“违反竞业协议”索要20万违约金一案引发关注。

  月薪3500元,劳动合同约定的主要职责为每日到商业楼宇街区开展日常巡逻,这样一份保安工作竟然也和竞业协议扯上了边,并被企业据此索要20万违约金,实在让人大跌眼镜。

  仲裁委员会最终不予支持该保安公司要求李某支付竞业限制违约金的请求,此案被纳入劳动人事争议典型案例,也是向一些行业、企业敲响了警钟:滥用竞业协议的病,该好好治治了。

  众所周知,竞业协议目的是让员工在离职后一段时间内,不得从事与原企业业务相竞争的工作或活动,以此来保护企业商业秘密。根据法律规定,竞业限制的主体对象是用人单位的高级管理人员、高级技术人员和其他负有保密义务的人员。而月薪3500元的保安因为违反竞业协议而“摊上事”,显然是撕开了部分企业滥用这一劳动条款的遮羞布。

  现实中,这样的奇葩案例并非孤例。据媒体此前报道,有论文曾对454份竞业限制纠纷案的判决书进行分析,发现竞业限制义务主体中仅有13%为高级管理人员,8%为高级技术人员,70%均为“负有保密义务的其他人员”。而这70%中又有77%是操作工人、前台、保安、保洁等基层岗位员工。甚至有的单位被指要求“全员竞业”。这表明,本来是针对特定群体的竞业限制,在被不加区分地滥用,而这无疑会给劳动者造成负面影响,对此必须加以有效规制。

  从出发点看,一些企业之所以把竞业协议纳入标准格式合同、扩大化施行,目的未必是真的要在员工身上赚取违约金,而主要是为震慑与防止在职员工跳槽。

  但无论初衷如何,这种利用雇主优势对员工滥用竞业协议的做法,于理于法都说不过去。它使得员工的自主择业权无形中背负了一把“达摩克利斯之剑”。并且,如果企业把该条款轻易用到一些原本并不符合竞业限制的岗位上,这也难免让相应从业者在不知情的情况下掉入权益陷阱。

  如果一些企业明知道该做法不妥,还是放任其滥用,对应的是一种劳动者权益保障困境,即劳动者往往难以真正对企业的不合理要求作出有效“拒绝”。甚至,明明遭遇不合理的竞业限制伤害,劳动者的维权过程也未必顺利。这样一种现实状况,会进一步放大企业的侥幸心理。因此,要彻底扭转这种不良风气,还应做得更多。

  比如,法律层面加强对竞业协议合理性的审查和界定,把好公平关口,让拿着不合理竞业协议来限制员工就业的做法无法得逞。同时,劳动监察部门也应主动巡查,将竞业协议滥用纳入到日常的劳动监察执法范畴,有力敦促企业及时扫除这一“潜规则”。更进一步,企业滥用竞业限制到底该承担怎样的法律责任和后果,也需要进一步明晰,要让企业在重新审视自身利弊的基础上,真正减少滥用的动力。

  滥用竞业限制,侵害了劳动者合法权益,影响了人力资源合理流动,损害了正常的营商环境,对此就该“零容忍”。无论如何,竞业协议不能沦为部分企业以法为名行掠夺之实的不良手段,让其依法回归设立初衷,避免被滥用和污名化,值得各方共同重视。

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