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  最高法发布典型案例,回应社会关注热点

  未成年人在校受伤,学校一定担责吗?(法治聚焦)

  编者按:未成年人保护涉及方方面面,需要全社会共同参与,学校保护是重要一环。人民法院依法支持和维护学校正常的教学管理行为,学校未尽到对在校未成年人教育管理和安全保护职责的,也要承担相应的侵权责任。

  老师对学生教育惩戒尺度怎么把握?孩子在学校受伤,各方责任如何认定?……最高人民法院23日发布涉校园管理民事纠纷典型案例,发挥司法裁判规范、评价、教育、引领功能,通过对相关案件中各方责任的认定,推动学校教育、管理职责落实到位,引导监护人提高责任意识。

  六年级学生放学下楼时摔倒,家长认为学校管理不力

  学校已尽到教育、管理职责的,不承担侵权责任

  六年级学生赵小某在放学下楼时摔倒,带队老师随即联系家长并陪同送医。经诊断,赵小某牙齿受损、嘴唇挫伤擦伤,医嘱建议为18周岁后进行牙桩冠修复。赵小某以学校在放学过程中未安排老师在教室至校门路段组织秩序,存在管理不力为由,诉至法院,要求学校赔偿医疗费等8万元。

  审理法院认为,根据现场勘验结果及证据,赵小某摔倒受伤并非楼梯等设施场所本身缺陷导致。学校已多次对学生进行了校园安全教育宣传,楼梯、墙面等地方张贴了醒目的安全提示标志,尽到了教育职责;赵小某受伤后,学校及时采取了通知家长、陪同就医、调查事发经过等措施,履行了管理职责。赵小某及其法定代理人未能提供证据证明学校存在过错,应承担举证不能的不利后果。据此,法院判决驳回赵小某的诉讼请求。

  最高法表示,校园伤害事件中认定侵权责任,不能仅因事故发生在校园即认定学校一定有责任,而是应当结合未成年人受伤害原因、学校是否已进行常态化安全教育、相关场所设施有无醒目的安全提示标志、事发后有无在第一时间通知家长并陪同就医等因素进行综合判断,避免产生“学生在学校受伤,学校必然担责”的错误认识。

  初中生课间劝架,反被打成左眼外伤

  学校未及时发现并制止暴力行为,需要承担相应责任

  某中学八年级学生蒋小某因琐事在课间休息期间殴打他人,张小某路过时,见无教师在场,便自行上前试图将蒋小某拉离。蒋小某回身挥拳击中张小某左眼。后学校将张小某送至医院救治。经鉴定,张小某左眼外伤,构成人体损伤十级残疾。

  审理法院认为,蒋小某应具备一定的辨别是非和控制情绪的能力,但却对同学实施殴打,并对出面劝阻的张小某挥拳相向,对损害事实的发生具有主要过错,由于蒋小某为未成年人,因此由其监护人承担侵权责任。

  此外,蒋小某殴打行为持续期间,有数名学生围观,没有老师发现并予以劝阻,学校有责任吗?

  审理法院认为,该中学作为专业的教育机构,没有针对本校学生的具体情况,对课间加以必要的严格管理,也没有密切关注学生动态,没有及时发现和防止学生间的冲突,以致发生本案的后果,应当视为学校未尽到教育、管理职责,对于受害方遭受的各项损失,学校需承担与其过错相应的赔偿责任。综合当事人的过错程度、致害原因及本案实际情况,法院判决蒋小某父母承担70%的赔偿责任,某中学承担30%的赔偿责任。

  最高法表示,本案通过司法裁判,进一步明晰学校在校园暴力事件中的责任边界,督促学校建立有效的校园暴力防控机制。同时,对未成年人制止校园暴力的行为予以正面评价,体现守望相助的价值导向。

  高中生课间自发踢足球,带球进攻的学生不慎受伤

  防守的学生没有恶意犯规动作,学校和踢球学生无责任

  林小某是某中学高三学生,陈小某是该校高一学生。午休期间,两人在学校操场参加由学生自发组织的足球活动,并分属不同队伍。林小某接到传球后快速进攻,倒地触球时,林小某与防守的陈小某接触后受伤。

  林小某认为其被陈小某踢伤,某中学未尽到教育、管理职责,诉至法院要求陈小某及其监护人、某中学共同赔偿损失59万余元。

  审理法院认为,足球对抗比赛具有群体性、对抗性,并具有一定的人身危险性;林小某事发时年满17周岁,陈小某事发时年满15周岁,二人均参加过规范的足球训练,具有多年踢球经验,对于参与足球运动潜在的危险和可能的损害理应具有预见和认知的能力;本案所涉足球活动为学生自发组织,林小某、陈小某自愿组队参与,意味着自愿承受足球活动可能导致的损害后果,因此可以认定林小某参与案涉足球活动属于自甘风险行为。

  本案中,林小某快速跑动中倒地触球,与上前防守的陈小某相接触,陈小某并无加速、踢踹、动作过大等明显违反足球规则的动作,因此现有证据不足以认定陈小某在损害发生时存在故意或者重大过失,因此陈小某监护人对于林小某所受损害不应承担侵权责任。

  某中学应否承担责任呢?法院认为,本案中足球比赛是学生自发组织,学校不属于活动组织者;学校足球场验收合格,日常教学活动中重视安全、法治教育;事发后配合林小某解决相关事宜,尽到了教育管理职责,不应承担侵权责任。

  最高法表示,本案根据各方提交的证据,具体分析学校有无尽到教育、管理职责,避免过分苛责学校。倡导学校鼓励学生课间自由活动,引导未成年人在校园内健康快乐成长。

  老师要求小学生为打架道歉,家长认为造成心理伤害

  坚持保护与教育相结合,允许学校实施合理的教育惩戒行为

  李小某是某学校一年级学生。一次,因李小某扎、咬其他同学,老师与涉事家长进行沟通,并在班会上让李小某向其他同学道歉。因李小某态度不诚恳,老师再次要求李小某郑重道歉。李小某监护人认为老师当众指责李小某、不听李小某解释、无理要求李小某当众反复道歉,造成李小某心理严重伤害,致使李小某持续情绪低落、无法正常返校。

  经多次交涉无果,李小某将学校诉至法院,要求学校赔偿损失2万余元。

  那么,学校老师如何对学生进行教育惩戒?根据教育法,学校对受教育者有实施奖励或者处分的权利。根据教育部发布的《中小学教育惩戒规则(试行)》,教师在课堂教学、日常管理中,对违规违纪情节较为轻微的学生可以当场实施“责令赔礼道歉、做口头或者书面检讨”等教育惩戒。

  审理法院认为,老师要求李小某向其他同学当众赔礼道歉未超出合理的教育惩戒措施范畴,驳回了李小某的诉讼请求。

  “处理涉及未成年人事项,应当坚持保护与教育相结合,允许学校依法实施合理的教育惩戒行为,帮助学生认识和改正错误,促进学生健康成长,学校不因实施合理的教育惩戒行为而承担侵权责任。”最高法表示,保障教育惩戒行为既有尺度又有温度,对于支持并保障学校依法履行教育管理职责,规范学校、教师、学生、家长等各方行为具有重要的规则引领和示范意义。

  (人民日报记者魏哲哲) 打扑克剧烈运动全程不盖被子-沉浸式情感体验,言情故事一键解锁!的相关文章 陈德容 我没有跳个大概的相关文章
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