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  随着老龄化进程加快,老年大学作为学习和社交的重要平台,备受老年群体青睐。然而,一些不法商家利用老年人的信任,将老年大学当成推销商品的“大卖场”。伪造办学资质、虚假宣传课程、疯狂推销产品等乱象频发,让原本怀揣学习热情的老年人深陷消费陷阱。面对这一现象,应加强监管和宣传,增加优质资源供给,确保老年大学真正成为老有所学、老有所乐的精神家园。

  老年课堂“带货”忙

  “免费学中医养生课程,还能领鸡蛋!”退休职工孙某不久前经朋友介绍,在一家老年大学报名了“中医养生课”,原本只是想多学些健康知识,结果在几节课后就被推销“养肺护肝”的保健品,最终花费了数万元。

  半月谈记者在东北部分城市调查发现,打着“大健康”旗号的“老年课堂”并不鲜见。它们一般位于老年人口密集的小区内,仅有一两间“教室”,“授课”内容围绕中医、国学等,受到一些老年人欢迎,但课程中往往夹杂着保健品、保健仪器的售卖,且价格高昂。

  常年关注老年问题的黑龙江大学社会学教授曲文勇介绍,近年来,随着我国老年人口增加,对老年教育的需求不断上涨,在公办老年大学课程供不应求的背景下,一些不规范的老年大学应运而生,此类民办机构主要目的不是办学、教课,而是卖货。

  一些教育机构甚至和商家合作,将摄影、国学等课程与产品售卖结合,初期课程内容浅显、质量低下,后期以器材、保健品售卖为主,将“买不买”和“学不学得好”挂钩,诱导老年人花费高于市场的价钱购买无质量保障的产品。

  部分民办机构还通过线上课堂售卖保健品。67岁的王梅萍(化名)说,自己参加过线下老年大学的课程,授课老师以留作业的形式向她介绍了几个线上健康知识授课平台。“平台上的老师都是衣着得体,讲话滔滔不绝,但咱也不知道是不是真的教授,有些课程后半部分几乎都在卖东西。”王梅萍说。

  “类似的案例在我国多地发生,部分所谓的老年大学沦为商业骗局的桥梁。”曲文勇说。

  “打击一批,又冒出一批”

  此类“教育骗局”带来的不仅是经济损失,还可能影响老年人的健康和心理状态。一些老人长期服用不明保健品导致身体不适,或因高额消费引发家庭矛盾,更有人在发现被骗后产生极大的精神压力,甚至对社会信任体系产生动摇。骗局之所以高发,供需矛盾大、监管存漏洞是主要原因。

  从供需角度来看,我国老年人口规模庞大,而老年教育资源不足。目前,全国各级各类公办老年大学,仅能满足少部分老年人的学习需求。“总体来看,依然是供不应求。”哈尔滨老年人大学办公室主任张静说。工作日下午两点,半月谈记者在哈尔滨老年人大学看到,有不少老年人在排队坐电梯去上课。哈尔滨老年人大学开设了100多门课程,单个学期有超过4万人次报名。

  公办老年大学数量有限,且大多集中在东部沿海地区,西部及农村地区供给短缺。在此背景下,市场化运作的民办老年大学迅速发展,填补了老年教育资源的缺口,而一些不法分子也找到了可乘之机。

  从监管角度来看,当前民办机构入局老年教育门槛较低,部分机构甚至无审批即运营。哈尔滨老年人大学教务处处长孙登成说,部分老年大学的课程内容和讲师资质不符合标准,大量不具备专业教学能力的人员进入该行业,其中不少人本质上是销售人员,而非教育工作者。

  一些地方的监管部门对老年教育关注度较低,未能形成统一监管体系,导致不法商家得以钻空子,甚至出现“打击一批,又冒出一批”的乱象。

  更为关键的是,老年人维权难度大,很多骗局通过“口头承诺”或隐晦合同条款的方式规避法律风险。曲文勇说,当老人发现受骗后,往往因为欠缺法律知识或缺少明确证据,难以有效维权。一些老人顾及面子不愿报警,使得这类骗局更加猖獗。

  建立老年教育体系,让老年大学回归教育初心

  要让老年大学真正成为老年人学习和交流的乐园,必须强化管理,增加优质教育资源的供给。

  严格审核办学资质,完善课程监管机制。可建立全国统一的老年教育机构备案系统,对课程内容、讲师资质、收费标准等进行严格审核,同时对违规机构实行“黑名单”制度,一旦发现不法行为,立即吊销办学许可。孙登成表示,地方应出台有关老年教育的条例,规范老年教育。

  强化市场监管,加大执法力度。相关部门应加强联合执法,重点打击以老年大学名义开展非法营销的行为。对违规机构,可通过“停业整顿+高额罚款+信用惩戒”的方式,提高违法成本。监管部门还可设立举报渠道,鼓励公众提供线索,提高执法效率。

  加强防诈宣传,提高老年人的防范意识。许多老年人因信息不对称而上当受骗,因此要加强普法宣传,广泛利用媒体资源普及防诈骗知识。曲文勇表示,社区和街道可以开展防骗教育讲座,邀请专业人士讲解典型案例。

  建立老年教育体系,加大老年教育资源供给力度,减少市场“灰色地带”。张静说,老年教育不仅是教育,也是老年生活的一部分,面对当前供小于求的情况,可以增加市场化供给,但应引导社会资本正规办学,提供适应老年人需求的高质量课程。同时,老年教育具有普惠性,依然要保留一部分公益属性。应加大财政投入,扩大优质教育资源覆盖范围,特别是在中西部和农村地区,填补老年教育缺口;搞好社区办学,发展普及性、基础性老年教育,让更多老人可以就近入学。(半月谈评论员王君宝)

  来源:《半月谈内部版》2025年第4期新闻结尾 kiss我的小田田:如何找到属于你的爱情真谛?的相关文章
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