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  转眼又到炫菠萝的季节啦!

  菠萝吃起来香甜可口,很多人都觉得菠萝这种“果实”不错。但其实菠萝不是一个果实,而是由很多无籽小果螺旋排列而成,每个菠萝有100~200个小果,直接与中央核相连聚集,最后才形成我们看到的大菠萝。

  在水果中,菠萝的香甜味相当俘获人心,不仅菠萝肉能吃,就连菠萝皮也不浪费,用来做盛装饭菜的容器,别有一番风味!

  菠萝和凤梨啥关系?

  关于菠萝和凤梨到底是不是一种水果的问题,一直争论不休,从未停止。

  实际上,菠萝和凤梨就是一种水果。菠萝是凤梨科的植物,也叫凤梨,就像土豆和马铃薯、西红柿和番茄、秋葵和羊角豆、芭乐和番石榴。

  可能很多人会说:“市面上的菠萝和凤梨就是不一样呀,菠萝有刺、扎手,还得用盐水泡;凤梨没有刺、皮薄、不用挖眼,不用盐水泡就能吃。”

  之所以会出现这样的差异,与菠萝的品种直接相关。菠萝的栽培品种约有70个,根据其形态、叶刺和果实特性分为卡因、皇后、西班牙和杂交种4类。

  可以这样理解:菠萝就是凤梨,凤梨就是菠萝。只不过人们口中的“凤梨”,是菠萝家族中的不同成员而已,口感更好一些。

  吃菠萝为什么“扎嘴”?

  菠萝虽然香甜好吃,但少吃还行,多吃几口就会明显感觉到“扎嘴”“倒牙”,有点蜇得慌。这是为啥呢?

  1、草酸钙针晶

  菠萝的果肉中含有草酸钙针晶,晶体呈两端尖锐的针状或长纺锤状。所以我们吃菠萝的时候常会感到有点“扎”。

  2、菠萝蛋白酶

  菠萝蛋白酶是存在于菠萝植株中的一种蛋白质水解酶,这种蛋白酶不是单一的成分,而是由多种不同分子量和分子结构的酶组成的多种酶,属于巯基蛋白酶类。这种蛋白酶会破坏牙龈、口腔黏膜等结构,让我们产生不适感。

  也就是说“你在吃菠萝的同时,菠萝也在吃你。”正是因为菠萝含有菠萝蛋白酶,所以常被当做“天然嫩肉粉”。

  菠萝蛋白酶也会导致一部分人对菠萝过敏,出现腹泻、呕吐、全身发痒、四肢及口舌发麻等症状,甚至还可能出现呼吸困难、休克等反应。

  为什么有的菠萝不“扎”?

  经常听人说:“菠萝扎嘴,凤梨不扎嘴。”其实,菠萝扎嘴或不扎嘴,这与不同品种菠萝果肉中菠萝蛋白酶活力有关。

  有研究人员对比了巴厘、卡因、金钻菠萝、台农16号、粤脆、香水这6个品种菠萝,在相同生长期内菠萝蛋白酶活力的差异。结果发现:巴厘菠萝的酶活力最低,相应口感最好,不必用盐水浸泡即可食用;卡因菠萝酶活力最高,不做处理几乎不能食用,所以一般加工成罐头再吃。

  菠萝扎嘴怎么办?

  想要解决菠萝扎嘴的问题,方法还真不少。

  1、烹调处理

  可以做烤菠萝或菠萝炒饭、菠萝咕咾肉,因为菠萝蛋白酶遇热会失活,它的最适温度为40℃左右,温度过髙或过低都会影响菠萝蛋白酶的活性。不用太担心营养损失,毕竟菠萝中怕热的维生素C、B族维生素含量并不高,完全可以靠吃其他食物来补充。

  图片

  图库版权图片,转载使用可能引发版权纠纷

  2、热水浸泡

  菠萝切成块,直接用开水泡几分钟,因为热水可以把菠萝蛋白酶灭活,也可以溶解草酸钙结晶。

  3、盐水浸泡(有点用,但不是很推荐)

  用盐水浸泡菠萝,能在一定程度上减轻菠萝扎嘴的情况,但其实撒盐少作用不大。盐的咸味可以减轻苦味,增强甜味,能在一定程度上缓解吃菠萝的不适感。

  但有研究认为,菠萝的最佳浸泡方式是氯化钠溶液浓度为7%,浸泡时间10min。7%的氯化钠溶液的制备,需要向500mL水中加入35~40g食盐。这盐含量可不低,用它来浸泡菠萝吃,不仅口感偏咸,对血压也可能不太友好。

  菠萝要买熟透的

  买菠萝一定要买新鲜且相对熟透一些的,这是因为菠萝属于非呼吸跃变型水果,如果买的菠萝没熟透,到家之后它也不能再自己催熟自己了。即便是和已经熟透的苹果、香蕉放在一起也不会进一步成熟,不过质地还是会变软的。糖类、风味物质含量都不会继续增加,味道也不好吃。

  其实,我们吃到的菠萝都不是最甜的,可能只有菠萝原本一半的甜度而已。因为菠萝运输路途遥远,一般都会提早采收,所以糖分较少,甜度并非最佳。

  挑选菠萝的时候,就选叶子茂盛、叶片挺立、果实新鲜,手感沉的菠萝;同时也要用手指稍微按压一下,选略微发软、有弹性的,这样的菠萝成熟度大多较好。

  总结

  菠萝香气独特,味道甜美。如果担心吃菠萝扎嘴,可以烤菠萝,或者选择巴厘菠萝。喜欢种点花花草草的朋友,菠萝的尾巴别扔,找个容器放点水,种起来还挺好看的,就是有点扎人。

  (来源:“科普中国”微信公众号)

高薪日结?

还得下特殊的聊天软件?

见面还得对暗号?

这份“兼职”有点奇怪……

“招聘兼职,工作日结,

轻松不累,简单易学,一天二百。”

近日

陈某被网络短视频上的招聘广告吸引

添加好友后

对方承诺包教包会

他按指示下载了一个聊天软件

并按对方要求

删除了在短视频软件上的

所有聊天记录

这一反常要求

已暴露端倪

但急于赚钱的陈某仍选择继续

随后

对方指示陈某驾车

前往约定地点

留意路边戴黑色帽子、口罩的男子

并以“哥,是你吗”

作为暗号接头

陈某依约完成接头后

该男子上车教授其具体操作方法

学会操作后

陈某多次根据指令

转移装有手机的袋子

并在特定地点架设设备

用一部手机开热点

多部手机联网登录软件

被捕当日上午

陈某还在按照指令操作手机

深夜

刚结束“工作”的陈某

被山东省德州市武城县公安局抓获

经查

他所谓的“兼职”

是帮境外诈骗团伙架设呼转设备

掩盖诈骗电话归属地

在“兼职”过程中

陈某已对该工作诸多异常有所察觉

却因心存侥幸未收手

警方提示

为诈骗分子提供话务服务

后果很严重!

  涉嫌违法犯罪

  《中华人民共和国反电信网络诈骗法》规定:任何单位和个人不得非法制造、买卖、提供或者使用下列设备、软件:具有改变主叫号码、虚拟拨号、互联网电话违规接入公用电信网络等功能的设备、软件。

  《中华人民共和国刑法》规定:明知他人利用信息网络实施犯罪,为其犯罪提供互联网接入、服务器托管、网络存储、通讯传输等技术支持,或者提供广告推广、支付结算等帮助,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金。

  纳入信用记录

  依据《中华人民共和国反电信网络诈骗法》,因从事电信网络诈骗活动或者关联犯罪受过刑事处罚的人员,可以按照国家有关规定记入信用记录,采取限制其有关卡、账户、账号等功能和停止非柜面业务、暂停新业务、限制入网等措施。

  限制出境

  依据《中华人民共和国反电信网络诈骗法》,因从事电信网络诈骗活动受过刑事处罚的人员,设区的市级以上公安机关可以根据犯罪情况和预防再犯罪的需要,决定自处罚完毕之日起六个月至三年以内不准其出境,并通知移民管理机构执行。

再次提醒大家

不要因为贪图小利

沦为诈骗分子的帮凶

同时也要注意

陌生的来电别轻信

不论它是来自境内还是境外!

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