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问题儿童都来自异世界第二季 - 如何打破偏见,传递爱与勇气!
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问题儿童都来自异世界第二季 - 如何打破偏见,传递爱与勇气!

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那曲市(安多县、班戈县、申扎县、巴青县、尼玛县、索县、色尼区、嘉黎县、比如县、聂荣县、双湖县)

  来源:财事汇

  2025年3月22日,妙可蓝多(600882.SH)发布2024年年报,报告期内,公司全年实现营业收入48.44亿元,营业收入同比下降8.99%;公司实现归属于上市公司股东的净利润1.14亿元,同比上升89.16%,增利不增收。

  二级市场上,东方财富网显示,公司股价在2021年5月处于峰值,高达84.50元/股,后面持续走低,于2024年1月低至11.00元/股,整个2024年股价持续低迷,2024年财报发布后股价有所回升。截至4月15日,妙可蓝多的股价28.59元/股,总市值146.40亿元。

来源:东方财富网

  主营业务毛利率下降,研发费用减少

  妙可蓝多2024年营业总收入同比2023年减少约9%,虽然2024财年净利润同比2023财年有所增加,但仍然低于2021年1.94亿元和2022年1.73亿元的净利润表现,这也为公司未来的持续盈利能力画下一个问号。

来源:东方财富网

  作为一家以奶酪为核心业务的A股上市公司,2024年公司奶酪大类销售占主营业务收入的80.12%,毛利率35.04%,属于支柱销售品类,该业务销售占比同比2023年增加6.92个百分点,毛利率减少0.39%。

图源:妙可蓝多2024年年报

  2024年报披露,妙可蓝多的奶酪大类2024年生产量比上年增加11.47%,销售量比上年增加18.32%,库存量比上年减少3.64%,说明公司今年奶酪品类销量增加,存货周转加快,但是销售单价有所下降,导致该品类2024年在业务收入占比增加的情况下毛利率降低。

图源:妙可蓝多2024年年报

  目前,奶酪品类市场竞争激烈,外资竞争对手例如法国乳品公司贝勒集团(BelGroup)旗下的Kiri品牌,凭借差异化产品(如甜心小酪)在中国市场表现强劲,2024年销售额突破5亿元,连续五年保持双位数增长;内资竞争对手例如作为国产高端奶酪品牌的奶酪博士,其2023年营收近10亿元,专注于高钙、低盐的健康奶酪产品,通过差异化定位(如“奶酪棒+营养强化”)在高端市场快速崛起,与妙可蓝多形成直接竞争。

  近年来,研发费用下降,也是妙可蓝多被市场关注的重点之一。从费用支出分析,2024年,妙可蓝多的销售费用同比减少9.49%,管理费用增加45.01%,财务费用增加109.28%,研发费用减少10.25%。其中销售费用的减少得益于公司降本增效战略的推行;管理费用的增加是由于公司2023年冲回计提股权激励费用,属于非经营性费用影响,但同比2022年还是有一定幅度的增加;财务费用的增加是由于本年公司利息净收入减少导致。

图源:妙可蓝多2024年年报

  值得注意的是,妙可蓝多研发费用的变动,一方面研发费用支出减少,另一方面研发费用占销售费用比例仅为5%左右。从财务数据分析来看,研发费用的减少会导致公司在产品研发方面进度放缓,难以提高产品竞争力来满足消费者多样化的需求,易被竞争对手模仿替代,可能面临市场份额流失、利润空间压缩及品牌价值弱化等多重风险,进而影响其在市场中的竞争力。

  债务攀升,杠杆比例增加

  在资金方面,妙可蓝多的长短期借款双线攀升,借款规模显著扩张,财务杠杆进一步提升。

  2024年报披露,妙可蓝多2024年资产负债率为43%,2023年资产负债率为37%,同比增加6个百分点。主要表现在2024年长、短期借款增加,其中,2024年末长期借款余额6.8亿元,当期新增长期借款2.6亿元,同比2023年期末长期借款余额增加61.49%;2024年末短期借款余额12.3亿元,当期新增短期借款2.4亿元,同比2023年期末短期借款余额增加24.16%。

  截至2024年末,妙可蓝多的长期借款、短期借款分别占公司总负债20.64%、37.29%,合计在占比57.93%。

来源:东方财富网

  根据妙可蓝多2025年度融资及担保额度预计公告,公司及子公司2025年度拟向金融机构申请不超过50亿元的借款和授信额度,主要用于生产经营、项目建设、投资并购等业务。这表明公司未来仍有较大的借款需求。一方面借款增加为公司提供了资金流动性,帮助公司应对市场变化和把握发展机遇,但另一方面借款的增加导致公司的负债规模扩大,相应增加公司的财务风险,同时大额借款增加公司的资金使用成本,高额的利息费用会影响筹资活动现金流和净利润,从而拉低每股收益,需警惕偿债能力下降风险。

图源:妙可蓝多关于2025年度融资及担保额度预计的公告

  值得注意的还有,2024年,妙可蓝多的经营活动产生的正现金流同比2023年增加约2.7亿元,涨幅为101.28%,而2022财年经营活动现金流为负,说明公司资金回笼速度加快。

  同时,公司2024年投资活动产生的现金流量净额为-20亿元,而2023年投资活动产生的现金流量净额为14亿元,由正转负。其中,公司2024年新增投资41亿元大额可转让投资存单,旨在提高资金的使用效率并带来稳定的利息收入,增加利息收入。

图源:妙可蓝多2024年报

  募投项目3年未完工

  全资收购蒙牛奶酪

  妙可蓝多为增强核心竞争力,巩固其在奶酪市场的领导者地位,公司于2024年6月全资收购内蒙古蒙牛奶酪有限责任公司,投资金额为4.5亿元,该被投公司同样从事奶酪产品及相关产品的生产和销售。

  交易公告显示,内蒙古蒙牛乳业(集团)股份有限公司为妙可蓝多第一大股东,持股比例36.63%。本次收购目的旨在将蒙牛乳业/内蒙蒙牛及其控制的企业包括奶酪及相关原材料(即黄油、植物油脂、奶油及奶油芝士)贸易在内的奶酪业务注入公司。

  然而,蒙牛奶酪在2023年和2024年第一季度利润均为负数(2023年净亏损337.39万元,2024年一季度净亏损295.25万元)。收购蒙牛奶酪后实际发挥的协同效应,是否能帮助公司增强产品创新及成本控制能力,仍需持续关注。

图源:妙可蓝多2024年报

  近年来,妙可蓝多为了布局奶酪产业链,动作不少,但效果甚微。早在2021年,妙可蓝多向内蒙古蒙牛乳业(集团)股份有限公司非公开发行A股股票1.01亿股,每股发行价格为29.71元,募集资金总额30亿元,募集资金的投资计划用于上海特色奶酪智能化生产加工项目、长春特色乳品综合加工基地项目、吉林原制奶酪加工建设项目、以及补充流动资金。

来源:妙可蓝多关于使用部分暂时闲置募集资金进行现金管理到期赎回并继续进行现金管理的公告

  根据妙可蓝多披露的2024年年报,从2021年7月募集资金至2024年末,计划内所有建设项目均未完工,其中长春特色乳品综合加工基地项目预算投资额11亿元,占非公开发行股票募集资金38%,截至2024年末完工进度仅为5.93%,该项目计划建成3.2万吨稀奶油生产线、D90脱盐乳清粉生产线及原制奶酪块生产线。

来源:妙可蓝多2024年报

  同时,妙可蓝多奶酪产品的主要原料来自国际市场采购,奶酪产品的销售收入和成本分别占全年总额的78%和70%,国际大宗原料市场价格及汇率波动直接影响主要原材料的成本,进而影响到公司产品利润以及现金流。公司通过上述生产加工项目释放出布局供应链意向,但是仍需要关注公司后续公告及财报中关于新产线投入的披露,及相关项目的完工情况。假如项目无法如期完工,相关的在建工程减值准备计提将影响公司净利润。

  妙可蓝多在2024年通过降本增效、布局供应链、收购同业公司等展现了公司加速布局奶酪市场的决心,但是收购蒙牛奶酪协同效应带来的实际利益、公司的杠杆管理、未来产品研发能力和持续盈利能力等值得关注。(《理财周刊-财事汇》出品)

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