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最近最新日本中文字幕MV2019,揭示人性深处的情感纠葛与道德抉择
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最近最新日本中文字幕MV2019,揭示人性深处的情感纠葛与道德抉择

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21世纪经济报道记者闫硕北京报道

随着美团发布即时零售品牌“美团闪购”,京东上线“自营秒送”电商业务,“万物皆可即时”的攻守战已然打响,双方的“贴身肉搏”引发广泛关注。

不同于传统电商服务,即时零售强调“30分钟送达”,是一种基于消费者定位发生的即时配送上门业务,产品由平台内商家通过线下实体门店或仓库提供。相关平台业务范围大都涵盖食品、服装、化妆品、3C数码、药品等多品类。

值得注意的是,对于药品而言,即时零售渠道已然成为驱动行业增长的核心引擎。在医药零售行业整体承压之下,医药即时零售正从购药渠道逐步转化为即时健康需求的确定性解决方式,成为不可忽视的增长点。米内网预测数据显示,2024年药店即时零售(药品+非药品)销售规模达487亿元,较2023年增长31.3%。

当前,美团、京东、饿了么、抖音等平台均已布局相关业务。“医药即时零售领域如果按现在的整体市场来计算的话,美团占绝对优势,达到七成以上;饿了么占两成左右,京东和其他平台占剩下的一成。”药赋能CEO、资深医药从业者邵清向21世纪经济报道记者说道。

邵清表示,即时零售的体验比B2C的体验好很多,京东现在重拾旧业,继续推进即时零售是实现可持续发展的关键一步。未来,如何构建自身的“护城河”是这场竞争的关键所在。

布局医药即时零售

近些年,随着医保个账改革、门诊统筹等政策的落地,叠加市场环境及内部竞争加剧,医药零售行业整体承压前行。不过,即时零售有望成为行业的第二增长曲线。

米内网数据显示,2024年中国医药零售终端(实体药店+网上药店)整体销售规模达5740亿元,同比增长3.7%。其中网上药店市场药品销售额达758亿元,同步增长14.4%,即时零售渠道的重要性持续提升。

当前在即时零售领域“厮杀”的美团和京东均已布局。

早在2018年,美团的闪购业务就在内部上线,依托多元化、智能化配送体系向消费者提供服务。今年4月15日,美团正式发布即时零售品牌“美团闪购”。与此同时,美团在医药领域的即时零售布局持续推进,截至去年8月,美团医药累计交易用户数超3亿,覆盖25万家药店,为全国近3000个市区县旗的用户提供超过8万种药品。

从年报中看,2024年全年,美团的营收达3376亿元,同比增长22%;经调整后净利润达437.72亿元,同比增长88.2%。其中,核心本地商业业务的收入达2502.47亿元,配送服务收入980.65亿元,占比39%,同比增长19.3%。

美团指出,2024年即时配送业务得到持续增长。同期,美团闪电仓也实现显著增长,已成为各类零售商重要的新增渠道。数据显示,去年10月,美团闪电仓数量便已超过3万个。预计到2027年,美团闪电仓将超过10万个,市场规模将达到2000亿元。

值得一提的是,随着即时零售服务外延的不断扩大,美团“医—检—药”服务均有大幅增长。在此背景下,2024年,美团医药健康即时零售业务近三年复合增长率达到38%。不仅如此,医药即时零售的潜力仍在释放,夜间订单、异地出行以及节假日需求仍在推动行业增长。

另一方面,2024年5月,京东整合“小时达”和“京东到家”等品牌,升级推出“京东秒送”,加码即时零售。

当前,京东健康通过“到店+到家”的模式,最快可9分钟送达。京东健康主要通过推动TBUS策略的落地,为消费者提供服务。所谓TBUS策略,即从流量(Traffic)、品牌(Brand)、用户(User)和供给(Supply)等方面持续发力。

根据京东健康2024年财报,其先后在上海、北京、广州、深圳、佛山、成都、郑州、沈阳、天津等18个城市开通网上买药医保个账支付服务,共接入全国超3000家医保定点药房,覆盖人口超1亿人。2024年,京东健康实现营收582亿元,其中医药和健康产品实现营收488亿元。

邵清向记者表示,“其实不同平台之间都谈不上有什么特别的优势。”相较而言,美团由于布局较早,目前已经形成一种矩阵,处于一种多业态共生的状态,可以由高频带动低频,所以在药品即时零售方面也有庞大的流量支撑。而京东还处于一种追赶的状态。

强调精细化运营

毫无疑问,即时零售渠道已成为越来越多用户购药的新选择。商务部《即时零售行业发展报告(2024)》显示,2023年即时零售活跃用户数量约为5.8亿人,同比增长34.88%,占网民规模的53.11%,且用户数量在持续扩大。

去年以来,随着“互联网+医保服务”等惠民政策等出台,线上医保支付不断扩容,进一步推动即时零售渠道的增长。米内网预测,如果线上医保全面放开,2030年零售药店即时零售的规模占实体药店的份额将升至32.1%。

目前,即时零售在一、二线城市渗透率较高。2024年异地订单量TOP10城市主要为一、二线城市,但三、四线城市近年渗透率增速迅猛。从异地订单发展趋势来看,未来医药即时零售发展将呈现从高线城市向低线城市、从发达地区向中西部地区加速渗透的趋势。

市场前景广阔,入局者不止美团、京东,饿了么、抖音等平台也在加速布局。

作为阿里生态内唯一承接近场健康品类的平台,饿了么正推动将即时配送能力从药品向大健康领域延伸。

数据显示,饿了么平台24小时药房数量已超1.5万家,同比增长超30%,网格覆盖率则升至90%以上。从需求侧看,夜间购药的用户数增速超过25%,夜间交易额同比增长达到50%以上。

去年以来,饿了么在多地开通“外卖买药刷医保”服务。截至今年1月,饿了么支持医保支付购药的城市已经超40个,覆盖超160个区县、近万家门店,累计服务用户近500万人次。

而拥有巨大流量的短视频平台抖音也在2022年8月首次试水“小时达”服务,并将深圳设为首个试点城市。去年1月,抖音发布《【即时零售】处方药品类管理规范》,推动相关业务发展。

需要指出的是,业内普遍认为,即时零售不是实体药店业务简单的“线上翻版”,而是更依赖于精细化运营,比拼谁能更精确地掌控用户习惯,为用户提供更好的服务。

“平台之间的竞争主要在三方面,首先是商户数量,如果京东等平台要想追赶美团,商户数量必须足够多。其次在服务方面,平台要能够持续提供很好的服务。另外就是用户心智,即能否让用户养成习惯,也是企业需要努力的方向。”邵清说。

DTP领域资深研究专家曾世新曾发文指出,2025年的医药O2O市场,正经历从“流量争夺”到“价值共建”的深刻变革。政策红利(线上医保、处方外流)与技术进步(AI审方、智能配送)打开增长天花板,而毛利压力与合规风险考验企业的精细化运营能力。对于平台而言,生态赋能与数据共享是突破用户留存瓶颈的关键。

  欧洲央行管理委员会成员OlliRehn表示,央行很可能需要进一步下调利率,且不应排除更大幅度降息的可能性。

OlliRehn

  尽管地缘政治和贸易带来的“普遍不确定性”要求官员们对下一步行动保持开放态度,但Rehn警告称,近期融资条件已趋紧,经济增长面临的风险也开始显现。

  “保持充分的政策灵活性至关重要,这意味着我们不应因假设的中性利率而设定特定门槛,也不应事先排除某种幅度的降息可能性,”他说道。“当前正是实施灵活且积极的货币政策的时候。”

  当被问及是否考虑采取更大规模的降息行动时,欧洲央行首席经济学家PhilipLane表示:“从理论上讲,我们不会对任何利率路径做出预先承诺”,并称“没有理由说我们总是会采取默认的25个基点的调整”。不过,他也强调这一看法是理论层面的。

  “如果到6月份,通胀率预计在中期内将降至我们2%的通胀目标以下,那么正确的反应是进一步降息,”Rehn在华盛顿接受采访时表示。

  这位芬兰央行行长在国际货币基金组织春季会议期间发表讲话时称,即使情况并非如此,也没有太多理由暂停降息。

  “我们还需关注经济增长前景和金融状况,”Rehn表示。欧洲央行3月经济预测中识别的风险“已基本显现”。

  关于是否考虑实施更大规模的50个基点降息,Rehn表示:“这取决于中期通胀前景,以及经济增长前景将恶化或是改善的程度。”

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