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  为缓解停车难,不少城市小区建设了机械停车库。半月谈记者走访发现,机械式立体停车库对节省空间、补充城市车位起到一定作用,但部分设备在实际应用中既用不到又拆不掉,变成停不了车的“僵尸库”,给群众日常生活带来不便。

宁可占在通道上,也不停进车库里

  在我国《特种设备目录》中,立体车库分为升降横移等九大类,其中,简易升降和升降横移类立体车库在城市小区等场景中应用较为普遍。

  旨在高效集约利用空间缓解停车难的机械停车库,在一些城市小区的落地效果却不尽如人意。半月谈记者在贵州省贵阳市万科云岩大都会小区看到,该小区共有10栋住宅,地下多装有机械停车库,此外还建了一座7层的停车楼,其中3层为机械停车位。

  半月谈记者发现,这些双层机械停车库的二层普遍无车停放,一些车位上甚至没有车辙印,每个区域配备的控制器处于关机状态,旋钮上满是灰尘。在停车板一层也有不少空余车位,不少车辆宁可停在通道上,也不愿停进车库中。

  “开车跑了这么多地方,发现自家的机械停车库才是最考验车技的地方。”贵阳市中铁阅山湖、中建华府等多个小区业主反映,机械停车位设计相对较小,要停进去并不容易,稍有不慎要么轮胎被挤压、要么后视镜被刮擦。为何如此?业内人士告诉半月谈记者,机械停车库除了受限于地下停车场等特定空间外,在设计时就多以普通家用燃油车为标准。

  “如今新能源车越发普及,而同级别新能源车往往比燃油车更大更重。”上述受访对象告诉半月谈记者,一旦忽略车库限高、限重等规定,强行驶入潜藏一定安全隐患。最近当地某小区就因业主擅自操作升降台,造成车辆损坏。此外,由于设备年久失修,可能出现钢架锈蚀、机油泄漏,存在坠落或污染车辆的风险。

  据了解,目前适用的《车库建筑设计规范》于2015年出台发布,2016年3月1日起正式实施,其中对停放车辆的外廓尺寸及重量给出了建议。行业人士认为,现行机械式停车设备的设计执行的是10年前的国标,滞后于现实车辆产品更新迭代及使用情况。

配建时“凑数”,还不好拆除

  “当初买房销售也没说”“机械车位都占了快一半”……在一则房产点评的短视频评论区,保利大国璟的几名业主说。根据贵阳市自然资源和规划局公示信息,该项目规划总户数4864户,规划总停车位5323个,4738个室内停车位中2373个为机械停车位。

  半月谈记者随机接触几位房产中介发现,中介常把机械停车库作为小区劣势分析,认为其占用地库空间无法使用,导致居民占用消防通道或地面道路停车,使得停车秩序更为混乱。即使业主达成共识想要拆除机械车位,也需经规划、建设以及产权单位等多方同意。一位物业负责人说,机械车位耗资不小,又是开发商固定资产,不能轻易拆除,“况且当时是依据交付标准建设的,如果拆除可能会无法达到相关要求”。

  上海、贵阳、厦门等地规定,新建商品房住宅时,应当按照一户不低于一个停车泊位的标准进行停车场的配建。一些城市还按房屋面积大小,要求配建更多停车泊位。“项目规划设计时,在图纸上清晰标明了地下车库的车位数量,但实际修出来发现少了、不够,就只能以这种方式补充。”一位业内人士透露。

  机械式停车设备属机电产品,是特种设备,需有资质的专人操作,且需定期维护保养。按市场监管部门规定,机械停车位如正常使用应每两年报检一次,开启后不使用也应办理报停手续。半月谈记者走访发现,一些商场的机械停车库运营相对较好,而部分城市小区由于缺乏专人管理应用状况堪忧。

  江苏省特种设备安全监督检验研究院的一项研究指出,机械式停车设备的建造成本相对较高,需要投入大量资金,回收成本周期较长。据了解,普通的升降平移类车库单个停车位的建设成本大概是一两万元,垂直循环类车库可达四五万元,且专人维护运营等成本不低。半月谈记者调研发现,个别机械停车设备生产商与部分房地产开发企业合作,甚至提供低价临时租赁二手设备服务以满足其车位配比要求,部分小区业主认为其在安全性能、使用年限、停车体验等方面存在问题。

“装了就不能是摆设”

  受访人士认为,随着城市发展和机械停车技术的进步,原有小区机械停车库长期闲置、低效利用的状况应予改变。

  “一些地方发现简易升降的两层机械停车板‘不叫座’,不再鼓励投入建设,这种设备在市场上已经逐渐被淘汰。”受访的停车场管理部门干部建议,要在规划审批时考虑市场发展趋势,仔细评估机械车位的实际适用性。

  “业主停车难的问题要解决,装了就不能是摆设。”贵阳市住房和城乡建设局住房保障和物业管理处处长温俊说,停车场涉及部门多,对已建成、未投用的小区机械停车库,应当尊重业主意见,通过业委会、居委会、物业、开发商等多方沟通交流,改造车位资源,提升停车场地使用效率。

  据了解,当前机械停车库行业技术正迭代更新,一些全自动停车库几乎不需要驾驶员或者工作人员的干预,可有效降低操作难度和故障风险。贵阳市交通委员会停车场管理处处长李国睿等受访人士认为,应鼓励小区采取建设智慧停车楼等方式补足车位,可设立小区维护基金,或引入第三方专业停车管理公司运营,降低停车位运维成本。

  *本文为《半月谈》2025年第7期内容

  半月谈记者:向定杰倪远诗王泓楗

  天津4月26日电(记者周亚强王君妍)第85届中国教育装备展示会(以下简称“教装展”)25日在国家会展中心(天津)开幕。1200余家教育科技企业集中亮相,全面展示教育装备产业最新成果、创新应用和发展趋势。

  吉隆坡4月26日电(记者陈悦)2025中国国际大学生创新大赛东南亚区域赛暨中国-马来西亚青年创新大赛25日在厦门大学马来西亚分校启动。

  据介绍,中国国际大学生创新大赛东南亚区域分赛由厦门大学马来西亚分校主办,将邀请东盟各国青年参与,优秀参赛项目将获推荐参加2025中国国际大学生创新大赛。赛事旨在为东南亚国家的大学生提供一个参与国际顶级赛事的区域平台,推动区域内大学学生之间的跨文化交流、创新合作与创业精神。

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