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4月10日至12日,由未来移动通信论坛、紫金山实验室主办的2025全球6G技术与产业生态大会在南京召开。在大会开幕式上,中国移动首席科学家王晓云发表题为《面向6G的无线接入网架构思考》的主旨演讲。

王晓云指出,面向6G,无线接入网的协作化将进一步增强,并向智能化、服务化方向发展,基于C-RAN,中国移动提出智能协作无线接入网架构CIS-RAN(Cooperative,Intelligent,Service-basedRAN),通过分类采传、分类汇聚、分布智能、能力开放、服务下沉,实现6G核心目标。

王晓云介绍,移动通信无线接入网架构经历了从还原论指导的单点优化,向系统论指导的协同优化的发展过程。在1G/2G时代,面向简单任务,传统分布式接入网架构通过单点优化即可实现用户高效传输。但面向3G移动互联网和4G/5G产业互联网时代,分布式架构面临效能和性能双重难题,协作优化是网络可持续发展的解决之道。2010年,中国移动全球首次提出C-RAN架构和机制,这一架构从全分布式的“一连接一处理”,转变到集中与分布相结合的“N连接一处理”,实现了无线接入网的协作化、集中化、绿色化和云化。C-RAN架构已在商用网络中部署,显著降低了网络平均综合能耗,提升了边缘用户的通信性能。C-RAN架构持续支撑我国以及全球3G/4G/5G发展。

6G网络对性能、任务和效能提出新要求,给无线接入网带来四大挑战。一是如何突破无线通信性能上限和实现用户一致性体验,二是如何实现从连接处理单一功能到通感智算多元服务能力的阶跃,三是如何实现从固定能力供给到敏捷差异化定制化服务供给,四是如何在频谱、能耗各类资源受限下提升网络整体效率。

面对上述挑战,无线接入网架构需要从C-RAN向CIS-RAN(智能协作无线接入网)演进,即实现协作化、智能化、服务化的无线接入网架构。

协作化(Cooperative):

打破传统C-RAN协作边界,强化通信/感知/智能协作

协作化是实现通信性能提升的必由之路。以MIMO为例,C-RAN实现从单点MIMO向协作MIMO发展,未来还需进一步强化协作能力,构建高性能、用户一致性体验的网络化协作MIMO。网络化协作MIMO将打破C-RAN边界,实现以用户为中心的动态簇构建、高性能协作传输和平滑无感切换,实现用户一致体验,达到网络全局优化。

协作也是实现6G多维能力提升的关键手段。以通感一体为例,5G-A以单点协作为主,6G将向网络化协作的通感一体转变。通过多节点分类采传、分层汇聚、融合处理,网络化协作将有效提升感知精度。

协作化需要无线接入网架构在增强多点协作同步精度的基础上,引入BBU间实时协作信息交互,拓展数据采集和感知功能,增加多点数据协作融合处理单元。

智能化(Intelligent):

AI赋能RAN全流程,RAN使能泛在AI应用

一方面AI赋能RAN,中国移动从AI适合解决的问题特性出发,对无线接入网的全流程进行了系统性的梳理,将30余个AI赋能无线接入网的用例进行了分类,AI赋能RAN的研究已覆盖从系统级组网协作到链路级处理的全流程。受无线接入网各层级处理时延和基站功耗等因素约束,AI的工程化应用将逐步开展。AI赋能网络应用的第一步将从准实时的系统级组网协作相关用例开始,例如网络节能等,后续到将逐步扩展到毫秒级实时链路级处理等场景。

基于AI的特征提取、实时推理、复杂算法求解等能力,智能将升级协作效能,助力突破RAN性能和效率瓶颈。以协作MIMO为例,基于通信知识与AI结合的实时预编码算法,相比传统基于数学模型的MIMO预编码,可有效的降低AI推理计算复杂度和推理时间。

随着智能化应用的逐步扩大,协作化也将促进实现智能的跃迁,通过协作可实现算力共享和数据融合,突破单点智能瓶颈。

另一方面,RAN也将为用户提供无处不在、低时延AI服务。6G使能AI的关键在于RAN侧,RAN需考虑面向用户服务的流程和功能重构,支持低时延终端计算卸载、网络/感知数据开放和AI新要素传输保障。

王晓云指出,智能化需要无线接入网架构支持集中+分布式智能,通过增加集中AI管理和协同单元,实现跨BBU的协同,同时按需分布式引入“数据”、“计算”等新功能。

服务化(Service-based):

RAN能力可开放和可定制

5G核心网的平台化、服务化(SBA)设计,实现了从固定供给到灵活供给的业务范式变革。6G定制化、差异化要求更加凸显,全球不同运营商的需求和发展节奏可能有较大差异,即使是同一个运营商,也存在多种复杂的场景,面临多样化行业定制需求。为此,6GRAN需要考虑向服务化方向演进。技术上,RAN相比CN更难构建松耦合、可复用、独立管理的原子服务,因此,RAN的服务化可逐步推进,第一步是RAN能力可开放,再到能力可定制。能力可开放主要考虑以服务化方式开放RAN各项能力,实现更高效的对外赋能。进一步,通过功能原子化和交互API,实现按需组合服务的交付,敏捷适配定制化需求,功能可插拔,能力可定制,满足差异化需求。

能力可开放对无线接入网架构的改变主要体现在对外的交互机制上,能力可定制需要进一步改变BBU内生架构与机制。

最后,王晓云表示从C-RAN到协作化、智能化、服务化的CIS-RAN将有效满足6G核心目标,是6G时代无线接入网架构的重大变革。中国移动牵头国家重点研发计划项目,已经开展了CIS-RAN架构的初步设计,但具体的实现方案、路径和节奏还受限于标准化、硬件生态等多种因素。中国移动希望与国内外合作伙伴携手,联合攻关智能协作无线接入网中的关键问题,推进标准制定和产业生态发展。

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