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Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-16.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-16.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-16.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-16.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-16.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-16.com/label.php on line 82

Deprecated: strpos(): Non-string needles will be interpreted as strings in the future. Use an explicit chr() call to preserve the current behavior in /www/wwwroot/4-16.com/label.php on line 82
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专题:新荷花港股IPO:多次冲刺A股无功而返盈利能力待解

  来源:北京商报

  三次IPO折戟,四川新荷花中药饮片股份有限公司(以下简称“新荷花”)转战港交所。4月16日,北京商报记者注意到,新荷花再次向资本市场发起冲击,不过这次选择的是港交所。然而,新荷花的上市之路并不顺畅,多次冲击资本市场失败的背后,暴露出诸多亟待解决的问题。此外,中药饮片带量采购扩容,对中药饮片生产企业的质量也提出了更高要求,而新荷花多次因质量问题登上国家药监局通报名单,最近一次是在6个月前。

  毛利率下滑

  新荷花成立于2001年,总部位于四川成都,是规模较大的中药饮片产品供应商之一,按2023年中药饮片产品收入计算,在中国排名第2位。公司主营产品包括毒性饮片、普通饮片,业务不仅遍布中国境内大部分省份,还拓展到越南、马来西亚等海外地区。

  招股书显示,新荷花销售4900种规格的饮片产品。报告期内(2022—2024年),其普通饮片收入占比保持在83%以上,毒性饮片的销售收入则在13.8%—16.8%。从财务数据来看,2022年、2023年及2024年,新荷花收入分别约为7.8亿元、11.46亿元、12.49亿元,同期对应的净利润分别为0.77亿元、1.04亿元和0.89亿元。2024年收入增长约9%,净利润却同比下降14.42%,增收不增利的问题凸显。

  不仅如此,新荷花的毛利率也在近几年一路走低,从2022年的21.1%降至2024年的17.1%。其中,毒性饮片的毛利率下滑尤为显著,从2022年的29.7%降至2024年的19.1%,三年内降幅超过10个百分点。新荷花解释称,主要原因是向医疗贸易公司及药店的销售占比增加,而这些客户类型由于市场竞争,利润率通常较低。同时,若干主要品种原材料成本的波动也对毛利率产生了影响。

  回顾新荷花的IPO历程,可谓是一波三折。早在2010年,新荷花就首次申报IPO,冲刺创业板。2012年创业板首次IPO过会后,却因员工举报财务造假,证监会终止了其首发上市核准审查。据举报信内容,新荷花存在与主要客户协定,由关联方将大额资金汇入主要客户账户,再由客户将款项汇入新荷花账户,新荷花开出发票但不向客户发货的虚假交易行为,举报称其70%的销售额和营业收入是通过虚假交易、内部交易炮制的。

  举报信指出,新荷花当时只有3000平方米左右的厂房,年产能和产值只有4000万—5000万元,而公司年收入却达到3亿元左右,其中约2亿元为虚假交易的结果。尽管时任保荐机构和申报会计师否认了举报内容,但此次事件仍给新荷花的上市之路蒙上了阴影。

  2020年,新荷花重整旗鼓,再次冲刺创业板。不过,在深交所的问询中,“举报门”旧事重提。此次,新荷花与保荐人又主动撤回申请,给出的理由包括上市计划调整、前次申报期间核心产品竞争力较弱,以及考虑到上市后对公司核心竞争力、客户稳定性、内部控制及经营业绩等方面的更高要求,实际控制人认为压力较大。

  2023年10月,新荷花在四川证监局办理辅导备案登记,计划再次冲击资本市场,然而,2024年4月又自愿终止辅导备案。直至今年4月,转向港股递交招股书,试图在香港资本市场寻求突破。

  偿债能力面临考验

  IPO屡次失利,新荷花为何这么执着资本市场?对此,北京商报记者联系新荷花方面进行采访,但对方以“不接受任何采访”作为回应。

  从新荷花的现金流状况或许可以找到一些线索。记者注意到,2024年新荷花的经营活动现金流净额为-46.7万元,而同期贸易应收款项及应收票据高达5.58亿元,占营收比例44.7%,应收账款周转天数延长,加剧了资金压力,面对1.62亿元的银行借款,偿债能力面临考验。

  医药投资人士朱奎告诉北京商报记者,新荷花在经营方面也存在一些隐忧。中药饮片行业本身面临着诸多挑战,例如上游种植产业中药原药材价格波动大,这直接影响到中药饮片的售价及成本。从新荷花自身来看,尽管其在中药饮片领域占据一定市场地位,但产品结构相对单一,对普通饮片和少数毒性饮片的依赖程度较高。一旦这些主要产品的市场需求发生变化,或者原材料供应出现问题,公司的经营业绩将受到显著冲击。

  值得注意的是,中药饮片带量采购是大趋势。据新荷花披露,2023年5月,山东等15个省份结成省际联盟,带量采购符合国家药品标准的中药饮片21个品种;2024年,带量采购计划扩大至45种及几乎覆盖所有省份。

  集采也对中药饮片质量提出了更高要求,尽管新荷花拥有国家GAP(良好农业规范)认证的种植基地,但公司却多次因产品不合格登上药监局通报名单。

  2017年2月,当时的国家食品药品监督管理总局检测出新荷花等企业生产的28批次板蓝根不合格,不合格项目为性状、含量测定;2019年,山东省药监局通告称新荷花2019年生产的紫苏子(炒)质量不符合规定,对不合格产品已采取查封、扣押、暂停销售、产品召回等控制措施;最近的一次在2024年10月31日,国家药监局发布通告(2024年第47号),经河南省药品医疗器械检验院检验,新荷花生产的4批次红花不符合规定,不符合规定项目为含量测定。

  新荷花此次冲击港股IPO,是其上市征程中的又一次尝试。然而,过往的财务造假质疑、业绩增长的隐忧以及行业面临的不确定性等问题,都如同高悬的达摩克利斯之剑。资本市场向来严苛,新荷花能否如愿成功登陆港股,仍有待时间给出答案。

  北京商报记者王寅浩

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